基于扩展关系数据库的遥感影像数据库管理系统的研究与实现

通过对遥感影像数据库管理系统的研究背景、现状和管理模式及存在的主要问题的分析，进行了基于扩展关系数据库的遥感影像数据库管理系统关键技术实验，开发了一个原型系统。实验结果表明，基于大型的扩展关系数据库来管理遥感影像数据是可行的和优越的。     

The role of extensional tectonics at different crustal levels on granite ascent and emplacement: an example from Tuscany (Italy)

The role of regional extension on the rise and emplacement of granites in the crust is still debated. Pluton ascent and emplacement widely occurred in Tuscany (Italy) since late Miocene during the post-orogenic collapse of the inner Apennines, and are presently occurring in the geothermal areas of Amiata and Larderello. Tuscany offers a preferred test site to study the role of regional extension on pluton ascent and emplacement at different crustal levels. Ductile extension enhanced the segregation and ascent of granitic melts in the lower crust, controlling pluton emplacement in correspondence with the brittle–ductile transition. In the brittle crust, magma ascent occurred through subvertical faults and fractures compatible with the regional extension direction; pluton emplacement mainly occurred by means of roof lifting. The case of Tuscany suggests that the extensional structures enhance melt segregation and ascent in the ductile crust, but are not efficient alone to provide a pathway for the ascent of granitic magmas in the brittle-extending crust. The estimated magmatic strain rates due to pluton emplacement in the geothermal areas are much larger than the regional tectonic strain rates. This suggests that regional tectonics did not control magma emplacement in the brittle crust and explains why nontectonic processes (roof lifting) accommodated the space required for pluton emplacement.     

A new barotropic model of the wind-driven circulation

Rationalized by the observational circulation pattern in the upper ocean of the North Pacific, meridional friction term is first incorporated in a barotropic theoretical model of the wind-driven circulation. The governing potential vorticity equation thence has β term and wind stress curl term (the two of the Sverdrup balance), zonal friction term and meridional friction term. The analytical solution satisfactorily captures many important features of the wind-driven circulation in the North Pacific: Kuroshio, Oyashio, Kuroshio extension, North Equatorial Current, and especially the eastern boundary currents in the North Pacific, i.e. California current and Alaska current.     

Estimating the thickness of a faulted mechanical layer based on fault spacing: An example from Miyako‐jima Island,southern Ryukyu Arc,Japan

The thickness of the mechanical layer that hosts a group of faults can be estimated from the spacing of saturated faults (i.e. the constant spacing between faults when the fault system is fully developed and has attained its final fault density). We measured fault spacing for a group of saturated active normal faults on Miyako‐jima Island (southern Ryukyu Arc, Japan) and estimated the thickness of the faulted mechanical layer. The measured fault spacing is 1.30 ±0.14 km, and the thickness of the mechanical layer is < 3 km, which is the upper limit of the seismogenic zone. This faulted mechanical layer corresponds to a sedimentary layer in which earthquakes cannot occur. Results indicate that the shallow (< 3 km depth) normal faults on Miyako‐jima Island do not have the potential to cause medium‐size earthquakes as individual faults. The origin of the shallow normal faults might be related to the presence of a larger‐scale, deeper fault. The results indicate that fault spacing provides important information on the potential magnitude of earthquakes associated with active faults.     

可拓方法在地震信息系统安全评价中的应用研究

地震信息系统在地震监测预报预警、地震灾害风险防控、地震应急响应与处置等方面发挥着重要的作用,但地震行业尚未建立完整的信息系统安全评价体系,且相关研究开展较少。为了更好地识别安全风险,提高地震信息网络安全防护能力,作者利用可拓方法建立信息系统评价模型,通过程序自动进行指标权重和关联度的计算,输出系统评价等级。实例表明：可拓方法可为地震信息系统安全评价、网络安全等级保护等提供支撑,并具有应用价值。本研究为评价指标的进一步优化调整,以及自动评价软件的完善和应用提供重要的基础。     

利用端点延拓提高LS + NN模型的UT1-UTC预报精度

现有UT1-UTC预报模式在进行周期项与残差项拟合分离时,通常没有考虑最小二乘拟合序列的端部效应,预报精度难以取得较大提高。针对最小二乘拟合存在的端部效应,首先采用灰色模型在UT1-UTC序列的两端进行数据延拓,形成一个新序列,然后对新序列进行最小二乘拟合,最后再联合最小二乘和神经网络(LS+NN)模型对UT1-UTC原始序列进行外推。结果表明,对UT1-UTC序列进行端点数据延拓再进行最小二乘拟合,能够有效地改善最小二乘拟合序列的端部效应;相对于常规LS+NN模型,端部效应改善的LS+NN模型的UT1-UTC预报精度有一定提高,尤其对中长期预报精度提高更为明显。     

顾及地理语境的旅游轨迹停留点语义标注

轨迹数据作为典型的时空大数据,具有较高的研究和应用价值。然而现有的轨迹数据挖掘主要聚焦于轨迹的空间特征,而较少关注轨迹数据语义的深度分析。本文面向智慧旅游服务的需求,重点探讨了旅游轨迹的轨迹停留点语义的自动标注问题。首先,针对POI短文本的特点,提出了基于《同义词词林》进行短文本语义扩展的方法对POI短文本进行特征扩展;同时,在顾及POI短文本的关键词集中、类别词分散等特征基础上,提出了改进TF-IDF的POI自动分类方法;其次,在POI分类的基础上,采用Native Bayes方法对轨迹停留点进行语义标注。结果表明,基于改进TF-IDF方法的POI自动分类可以达到约83%的精度,能够较好地实现POI的分类;而在POI自动分类基础上,基于Native Bayes的轨迹语义标注可以达到74%的精度,较好地实现了旅游轨迹停留点自动语义标注的目标。     

一种改进均值的自适应中值滤波算法

针对自适应中值滤波算法在滤除高浓度椒盐噪声和保留图像边缘细节中的不足,提出了一种改进均值的自适应中值滤波(IMAMF)算法。该算法采用扩充图像边界的方式,使得原图像的边界点能在自适应的滤波窗口下参与噪声检测和滤波处理,并在检测噪声和信号时,增加了噪声阈值判定,将存在噪声的像素点用修正后的均值滤波器值输出,信号点则用原始灰度值输出。为了验证算法的可行性,采用了5种不同的算法进行仿真对比分析,并从主观角度和客观指标上进行效果评价。试验结果表明:该算法能有效滤除浓度为10%～90%范围内的椒盐噪声,且图像细节和边缘信息得到了更好的保留,滤波性能明显优于其他算法。     

The Geography of Education and the Education of Geography: Agricultural Extension and the Political Ecology of Education

The spatial nature of learning is increasingly a focus of geographic inquiry. I argue that the spatiality of education, which is where formal learning occurs, has the potential to shape students’ spatial imaginaries. I analyze the role the spatiality of agronomic education plays in the historical construction of the social and physical landscape in southeastern Pará, Brazil. In opposing ways, the first Green Revolution, and agrarian social movements’ more recent agroecological Green Revolution are found to structure agronomic education and spatial imaginaries. The perspectives of agricultural extension agents trained in traditional agronomic programs are compared with teachers from an agroecological school located in an Amazonian agrarian reform settlement of Brazil's Landless Workers’ Movement. I collected these data over 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork. To analyze these data, I employ a political ecology of education perspective, which highlights how education and political economy interact to mediate relations with, access to, and contestations over natural resources. The geography of education and the education of geography exist in a complicated feedback cycle: Education is not neutral but ideologically charged and affects conceptions of productive landscapes, providing students intellectual and economic power to put their visions of landscape into effect.     

黑潮延伸体邻近区域中尺度涡特征统计分析

本文利用20年的卫星高度计资料,对黑潮延伸体邻近海区(25°—45°N,135°E—175°W)中尺度涡的统计特征以及季节变化进行了统计研究。基于涡旋自动识别方法,共识别出本区域3006个气旋涡轨迹和2887个反气旋涡轨迹,其平均周期分别为9.99周和11.00周,平均半径分别为69.5km和71.8km。长生命周期涡旋的平均半径、涡度、涡动能(EKE)和涡旋能量密度(EI)在生命周期内大致都经历了增大-基本保持不变-减小这三个阶段。绝大多数涡旋沿纬线向西移动,经向移动距离较小,气旋涡和反气旋涡在西向传播过程中都具有明显的向南(赤道)偏离趋势。涡旋的生成数量与总数量均在春夏季达到最多,且这一时期涡旋的平均涡度、EKE、EI处于较高水平。