秦岭—大别东段应力状态研究

本文首先通过Snoke发展的利用P波、 SV波和SH波的初动和振幅比方法计算秦岭—大别东段2008年以来83次M_L≥2.5地震的震源机制解, 然后通过FMSI方法反演得到平均应力场的方向特征: 近东西向的水平挤压和近南北向的水平拉张作用, 与参数统计结果一致; 进而通过震源机制的一致性参数分析应力场方向的变化信息。 分析表明震源机制解呈现了由变化紊乱、 偏离平均应力场到变化一致、 趋于平均应力场再到变化紊乱、 偏离平均应力场的变化过程, 在显著地震前, 研究区整体的震源机制一致性参数处于持续低值状态; 计算了2008年以来93次M_L≥2.5地震的视应力, 拟合视应力与震级的关系, 分析扣除震级影响的差视应力随时间变化特征, 近似反映研究区应力大小的变化。 分析表明显著地震前研究区的差视应力值呈现出明显的先上升后下降的变化过程, 在下降过程中发生地震; 最后利用震源机制一致性参数和差视应力综合分析研究区的应力状态, 均表明显著地震前震源区的构造应力场增强。 目前研究区的震源机制一致性参数较高、 差视应力较低, 研究区的应力水平较低。     

大别造山带大陆深俯冲和折返过程中壳-幔相互作用信息--来自大理岩铅同位素的证据

对大别造山带不同产状大理岩的铅同位素研究表明,红安群王家店和双河大理岩分别经历过高压和超高压变质作用,具有较高的铅同位素变化范围和高的放射性成因铅,反映了上地壳铅同位素的特征;新店大理岩的铅同位素比值和变化范围很小,具有EM1型地幔铅同位素特征,表明有地幔铅同位素特征的记录;而位于剪切带的方高坪大理岩的铅同位素除了n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)值更高外,与新店大理岩的铅同位素特征相似,记录了放射性铅同位素的大量加入或丢失,导致本来具有与双河大理岩类似的铅同位素特征变得不明显.这些结果均表明大陆深俯冲及其折返过程对大理岩铅同位素组成的改造是相当复杂的.     

河南省商城县汤家坪钼矿床地质和流体包裹体研究

河南省商城县汤家坪钼矿床产于大别造山带,属于陆-陆碰撞体制的斑岩型矿床。其流体成矿过程可以分为早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英-钾长石-磁铁矿-辉钼矿-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐±黄铁矿组合为标志。石英中可见水溶液包裹体、CO₂-H₂O型包裹体、纯CO₂包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,但晚阶段石英中只有水溶液包裹体。早阶段和中阶段还发育特殊的含子晶的CO₂包裹体,这在以往的斑岩型矿床中鲜有报道。早阶段流体包裹体均一温度>375℃,盐度最高可达62.10％NaCl_eqv,包裹体内含大量指示氧化条件的赤铁矿子晶以及一些石盐、钾盐、黄铜矿、脆硫锑铅矿子晶。中阶段包裹体均一温度集中在235~335℃,盐度为1.06％~45.87％NaCl_eqv。除石盐、钾盐子晶外,还含大量黄铜矿、脆硫锑铅矿子晶,表明中阶段还原性较强。晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在115~195℃,盐度较低,介于1.91％~9.98％NaCl_eqv。中阶段强烈的流体沸腾作用是导致成矿物质快速沉淀的重要机制。总之,初始成矿流体为岩浆热液,以高温、高盐度、高氧化性、富CO₂、高金属元素含量为特征;中阶段流体发生沸腾,导致CO₂逃逸,氧化性降低,成矿物质快速沉淀;晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、无子晶、贫CO₂为特征,属于大气降水热液。汤家坪钼矿床发育特殊的含子晶的CO₂包裹体,可作为大陆碰撞造山带产出富含CO₂的斑岩成矿系统的典型实例。     

大别山黄土岭麻粒岩锆石和共生矿物的微量元素分析及其地质意义

对大别山黄土岭麻粒岩中的锆石进行了LA-ICPMS微区微量元素分析.结果表明,黄土岭麻粒岩中锆石的不同区域有不同的微量元素组成,麻粒岩相变质锆石的大多数微量元素含量明显低于岩浆锆石,表明麻粒岩相变质条件下形成的锆石具有较低的微量元素组成.锆石及其共生矿物的微量元素分析结果表明,该麻粒岩中变质锆石Eu负异常是变质锆石形成时长石稳定存在的结果.锆石与石榴子石之间微量元素分配特点表明,变质锆石与石榴子石之间到达了平衡.这些结果表明,该样品的变质锆石形成于麻粒岩相峰期变质阶段,这些变质锆石区域测定的年龄结果对应于麻粒岩相峰期变质作用时间.锆石和共生矿物的微量元素分析对锆石的成因及得到的年龄的解释具有重要的指示意义.锆石与石榴子石之间微量元素的分配特征,不但可以指示锆石与石榴子石之间是否达到平衡,而且可以通过石榴子石这一"桥梁",为锆石的U-Pb年龄提供合理的p-T条件限定.     

大兴安岭原始森林覆盖区化探异常查证方法研究与实践

文章综述了原始森林覆盖区勘查技术方法研究历史、现状及意义.通过对区内某1:20万化探异常进行追踪、查证方法的实验性研究,初步确定适合原始森林覆盖区的物探方法和化探方法.对具有成矿远景的1:20万异常的查证方法、过程为:①1:5万网格法水系沉积物或1:5万土壤测量;②配合以适量的1:1万或1:2万剖面土壤测量,最终达到分解异常、缩小找矿靶区的目的;③1:1万～1:2万地质简测,结合地表工程确定是否为矿致异常,初步确定矿化类型;④选用高精度磁测、双频激电测量方法进行1:2.5万或1:1万的面积性物探测量;⑤运用槽探、坑探、浅井及钻探等探矿手段寻找工业矿体.对二根河、洛古河、阿南林场3个1:20万异常查证证明该方法是适宜森林覆盖景观区的快捷且行之有效的异常查证方法.     

Mafic dykes derived from Early Cretaceous depleted mantle beneath the Dabie orogenic belt: implications for changing lithosphere mantle beneath Eastern China

SHRIMP zircon U–Pb geochronological, elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic data from Early Cretaceous mafic dykes in North Dabie orogenic belt elucidate a change of Mesozoic lithospheric mantle in eastern China. The dykes are predominantly dolerite with the major mineral assemblage clinopyroxene + hornblende + plagioclase and yield a SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 111.6 ± 5.3 Ma. They have a narrow range of SiO₂ from 46.16% to 49.78%, and relative low concentrations of K₂O (1.07−2.62%), Na₂O (2.45−3.54%), Al₂O₃ (13.04−14.07%), and P₂O₅ (0.42−0.55%) but relatively high concentration of MgO (5.94–6.61%) with Mg^# 52–54. All the samples are characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g., Ba, Th) and high field strength elements (HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ti). (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios from 0.704 to 0.705, ε_Nd values from 3.36 to 4.33 and mantle‐depletion Nd model ages (T_2DM) in the range 0.56–0.64 Ga indicate that the magma of the Baiyashan mafic dykes was derived from a young depleted mantle source. This finding is different from previous research on mafic dykes in the age range 120–138 Ma that revealed enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE, high initial Sr isotopic ratios and negative ε_Nd, value which represents an old enriched mantle source. Ours is the first report of the existence of Early Cretaceous depleted mantle in eastern China and it implies that changing of enriched mantle to depleted mantle occurred at ca. 112 Ma, associated with back‐arc extension which resulted from the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate towards the Asian Continent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩浆演化过程探讨

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,与构造带内一系列镁铁-超镁铁质岩体构成了东天山镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。黄山南岩体锆石U-Pb同位素定年得到293.7±3.1Ma的加权平均年龄,显示其形成年龄为早二叠世。岩石样品镁铁比值m/f比值介于4.45~6.37之间,属于铁质超基性岩;利用橄榄石最高Fo值计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Mg~#值为0.70,表明其母岩浆成分与原生岩浆较为接近,具有高镁拉斑玄武岩质岩浆的性质,且演化程度较低或母岩浆有过剩橄榄石堆晶的加入。Ba/La、Ba/Nb、Ba/Th、Rb/Nb、Th/Nb和Sm/Yb等微量元素比值表明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区可能为一被俯冲板片沉积物和流体改造过的较富集的岩石圈地幔。主量元素变化特征显示了岩浆结晶分异作用的一般特征;较高的Ba/Nb比值,相对高的La/Nb和低La/Ba值以及Ni-Ta-(Ti)元素的负异常表明岩浆上升过程中可能经历了地壳物质的混染作用。黄山南岩体年龄及岩石地球化学特征综合表明其能够代表东天山地区地幔岩浆演化早期阶段的产物,具有较好的成矿潜力。     

大别山东南缘侏罗系磨山组沉积环境及地质意义

侏罗纪是大别造山带与周缘盆地盆山关系研究的一个重要时期,分布在大别造山带周缘的侏罗纪地层为大别山的造山过程以及深俯冲岩石的折返、剥蚀提供了很好的约束。本文选取大别造山带东南缘安庆月山地区侏罗系磨山组为研究对象,对磨山组碎屑岩进行了详细的粒度分析、碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析和碎屑锆石年代学分析。碎屑岩岩石、沉积特征和粒度分析都指示早侏罗世磨山组为三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积。碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析结合碎屑锆石年代学分析指示磨山组碎屑岩物源主要来自南侧的华南板块,大别造山带宿松杂岩可能为其提供了少量物源,但碎屑物源中未见石榴子石和典型的三叠纪变质锆石,说明此时大别高压-超高压榴辉岩可能仍未折返至地表。     

兰州市南北两山生态建设效应的遥感监测

利用1999年Landsat ETM+、2005年Landsat TM卫星影像和2009年“环境与灾害监测预报小卫星”影像提取兰州南北两山地区三期土地利用数据,将景观生态学的理论与兰州南北两山环境绿化工程的实际相结合,运用GIS分析、景观指数计算及数理统计等多种方法,对兰州南北两山地区1999—2009年的土地利用与景观格局动态变化进行分析。结果表明,10 a来兰州南北两山的土地利用变化主要表现为林地和建设用地的增加,草地和农田的减少;景观格局趋于破碎化,多样性增大,景观结构趋于多样化和均匀化。驱动力分析表明,人类活动和政策因素是导致该区土地利用和景观格局变化的主要原因。     

Hydrological response of an afforested catchment in a Mediterranean humid mountain area: a comparative study with a natural forest

The effects of afforestation on water resources are still controversial. The aim of this paper is to (i) analyse the hydrological response of an afforested area in the Central Pyrenees and (ii) compare the hydrological response of an afforested area with the response observed in a natural undisturbed forest. The Araguás catchment was cultivated until the 1950s, and then afforested with pines in an effort to control the active degradation processes. The hydrological response was variable and complex, because the discharge was generated by a combination of distinct runoff processes. The hydrological response showed that (i) afforestation produced moderate peak discharges, stormflows and recession limbs, and long rising limbs; (ii) no one single variable was able to explain the hydrological response: rainfall volume and intensity did not explain the hydrological response and antecedent rainfall and initial discharge (indicating antecedent moisture conditions) did play an important role; (iii) seasonal differences were observed suggesting different runoff generating processes; and (iv) the effect of forest cover on peak discharges became less important as the size of the hydrological event increased. The stormflow coefficient showed a clear seasonal pattern with an alternation between a wet period, when the catchment was hydrologically responsive, and a dry summer period when the catchment rarely responded to any event, and two transitional periods (wetting and drying). Compared with a natural forest, the afforested area recorded greater flows and peak discharges, faster response times and shorter recession limbs. Afforestation reduces the water yield and the number of floods compared with non‐vegetated areas and abandoned lands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.