地下水对地电前兆影响的实验研究

以含水岩土为样本，研究了不同含水率，不同矿化度，不同压力，不同温度以及岩土层中重力水面的不等高度状态下岩土电阻率的定量变化，实验表明，岩土介质电阻率与所含水的特性有十分密切的关系，该实验首次把地下水前兆与地地前兆作为一个整体，来研究地者之间的内在联系，并分析其相关特征。     

地震断错地貌

大地震产生的断错,能改变震前的地表形态,这种改造后新出现的地形景观称为地震断错地貌。地震断错地貌可分为地震断层崖、地震断错——挠曲崖、地震断错水系和地震断错台地四类。研究地震断错的相关堆积时,发现逆推断层崖也有崩积楔。提出的崩积楔发育模式与正断层崖的发育模式截然不同。     

浅探兰州市城区大气环境污染与治理的若干问题

介绍了兰州市城区大气污染的物理机制和客观成因,总结了目前正在采用或论证的一些治理措施和方法,并对这些进行了分析与讨论,提出了今后应重点研究的几个问题,最后对兰州市城区大气污染的治理提出了一些初步看法与建议。     

Rapid screening of Zr-containing particles from Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples for isotope geochronology: Technical roadmap for future study

New samples returned by China Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission offer an opportunity for studying the lunar geologic longevity, space weathering, and regolith evolution. The age determination of the CE-5 samples was among the first scientific questions to be answered. However, the precious samples, most in the micrometer size range, challenge many traditional analyses on large single crystals of zircon developed for massive bulk samples. Here, we developed a non-destructive rapid screening of individual zirconium-containing particle for isotope geochronology based on a Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (µXRF). The selected particles were verified via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) techniques, which showed that zirconium-bearing minerals with several microns were precisely positioned and readily suitable for site-specific isotopic dating by second ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Such protocol could be also applicable in non-destructively screening other types of particles for different scientific purposes. We therefore proposed a correlative workflow for comprehensively studying the CE-5 lunar samples from single particles on nanometer to atomic scales. Linking various microscopic and spectromicroscopic instruments together, this workflow consists of six steps: (1) single-particle selection with non-destructive µXRF technique, (2) 2D/3D morphological and structural characterization with a correlative submicron 3D XRM and nanoscale resolution FIB-SEM imaging methods, (3) SEM analysis of the surface morphology and chemistry of the selected particle, (4) a series of microscopic and microbeam analyses (e.g., SEM, electron probe microanalysis, and SIMS) on the cross-section of the selected particle to obtain structural, mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic features from the micron to nanometer scale, (5) advanced 2D/3D characterization and site-specific sample preparation of thin foil/tip specimens on a microregion of interest in the selected particle with FIB-SEM technique, and (6) comprehensive analyses on the FIB-milled specimens at nanometer to atomic scale with synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, analytic transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. Following this technical roadmap, one can integrate multiple modalities into a uniform frame of multimodal and multiscale correlated datasets to acquire high-throughput information on the limited or precious terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples.     

STUDY ON CORRELATIVE EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC WINDOW NETWORK IN TIANSHAN REGION

In this paper , by using the seismic data of strong earthquake (M≥7) which have occurred since 1900,correlative features of strong earthquake activity in Tianshan region which crosses China and USSR have been studied . Meanwhile , we selected 15 seismic windows (11 in China , 4 in USSR) by censusing , systematically researching and statistically examing seismic data of regional seismic network which are in Chian and USSR.The anomalous features of seismic window and seismic window network , prediction index and prediction plan have been studied . In the same time ,its prediction efficency have been evaluated . Several examples of successful earthquake prediction are given out in this paper .Finally ,the possible physical mechanism of the results are discussed.     

三江平原湿地消长与区域气候变化关系研究

以遥感手段为主,提取近20年来多个时期三江平原湿地变化动态数据。将湿地动态数据与历年气象数据相对变化比较处理后,再作灰色关联分析,可以发现它们之间的相互关系。研究表明三江平原湿地面积减小迅速,三江平原区域气候环境变化剧烈,超过全球气候变化速度。通过灰色关联分析可以发现,湿地在维持区域"冷湿"效应中作用突出,三江平原湿地的变化与气温变化成负相关,与降水、湿度变化成正相关。湿地消长与气候要素中的降水因子的相关关系最大,与日照因子相关关系较低,与降雪因子几乎无关。     

简论资源、环境与经济间可持续发展关系

资源学、环境学与经济学是相对独立的学科，但它们之间又具有密切的内部联系。资源（自然资源）、经济和环境是现代社会发展中的三个重要方面。本文试图用综合发展的观点，分析资源、环境、经济三者之间的相互矛盾、相互依赖、相互影响、相互作用的规律，论述处理好资源、环境与经济相互协调、发展的关系。这也是社会经济可持续发展的时代要求。     

土壤地球化学找矿试验性研究

黄石狮子立山属于长江中下游铜铁成矿带的一部分,为了更广泛地在本区寻找有一定经济意义的矿产。利用土壤地球化学方法,找出本区成矿指示性元素,为指导本区进一步找矿。研究发现,本区土壤被测12种微量元素(As、Sb、Hg、Co、Sr、Pb、Ba、Mo、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni)在区域断裂带上或附近出现异常,异常峰值高且宽度大。从其异常特征、异常组合和相关性的分析可知,As、Pb、Ag、Zn、Sb、Mo等元素是寻找本区铅-锌-银等多金属矿床有效的指示性元素;而元素Sr、Ba是天青石、重晶石矿等非金属矿有效的指示性元素。     

地震预报效能评价的研究

地震预报效能评价是个重要而复杂的科学问题,本文从三个方面来研究:用均值预报保证率法和最大振幅法来判定有震综合预报的成败;在几项可接受的基本假设条件下,经严格的数学推导得到若干重要定理,在此基础上进行地震预报有效性的统计检验,借以判断地震预报方法或手段是否与地震流显著相关(即与盲目预报是否有显著性差异);结合地震预报现状,推荐效率值Z系列和相关评分(广义Wallen评分)V系列作为定量表示地震预报有效程度的两种统计评分方法。     

近海Ⅱ类海水反射率与表面悬浮泥沙相关性的研究

阐述了1998年5月2日至27日“东海重点试验区水下光谱观测”试验期间,利用上海技术物理研究所研制的PIS-B型光谱辐射计测得的现场光谱数据和用常规吊桶表面水质取样,经实验室泥沙样和光谱数据处理后,用最小二乘法建立光谱反射率与表层悬浮泥沙浓度之间的关系。结果表明,水体表面的光谱反射率与表层悬浮泥沙浓度之间呈指数关系。实践证明,遥测东海海区表面悬浮泥沙浓度的最佳波带为555nm和670nm。