不同数学模型在降水量资料序列订正中适用性探讨

采用逐步多元线性回归模型、一元线性回归模型、综合法模型和比值法模型对分布于全国31个台站的降水量资料进行了模型订正效果的试验与分析。结果表明:（1）逐步多元线性回归模型对年降水量序列的订正效果较好,其相对拟合误差总平均在0.08以下,而其它3种模型与月降水量序列的订正效果较差,相对拟合误差总平均在0.11以上;（2）若将年降水量序列相对拟合误差控制在0.10以内,则要求确定订正方程式的平行资料年数为10年或以上,要求订正站与基本站序列的相关系数在0.85以上;（3）较湿润地区拟合误差较小,反之较大。     

起算震级与衰减不确定性校正

分析表明,起算震级Ｍ０对危险性分析结果的表现为当Ｍ０取取值不够低时,场地的危险性将被低估。此种低估影响与场地的地震危险性高低潜源距场地的距离及衰减公式的形式和标准差有关。     

TOVS 水汽反演的误差分析及其订正

该文利用同步物理反演法以6小时数值预报场为背景场对1992年1月份NOAA-12卫星垂直探测（TOVS）资料进行了大气参数反演，并对水汽反演误差进行了检验和分析。以常规观测作为检验的标准，检验结果按3条轨道统计，发现反演的相对湿度平均误差与背景场的误差密切相关，均为负值；在高层和高纬度，误差绝对值随高度的增加而增加，随纬度的升高而增加；误差的日际变化在高层比较稳定，低层振动较大。对反演误差进行订正后的结果表明，在500 hPa以上反演均比背景质量要好，尤其轨道A所有层次上订正后的反演比背景场好。     

根据气象条件修正敏感点空气质量背景值的初步探讨

环境空气质量背景值是一个动态值,它与污染源、气象条件和地形等因素密切相关。通过对一个环境空气三级评价案例的分析和处理中,找出背景值修正的一种思路和简易方法。     

金华市的水资源核算与绿色利用新思路

计算表明,仅水资源一项自然资源折旧就可使金华市的GDP平均下降5.2%.指出金华市近几年GDP的快速增长是以牺牲资源和环境为代价的,也是水环境负债的一个主要原因.同时指出目前金华市的缺水不是水源型缺水,而是水质型缺水.配合金华市政府建设绿色金华的新构想,提出了金华市水资源绿色利用的新思路:采用绿色GDP;实施绿色政绩;发展绿色工业;推广绿色农业;强化绿色治理;实行绿色水价.     

Time-lapse processing of 2D seismic profiles with testing of static correction methods at the CO2 injection site Ketzin (Germany)

The Ketzin project provides an experimental pilot test site for the geological storage of CO₂. Seismic monitoring of the Ketzin site comprises 2D and 3D time-lapse experiments with baseline experiments in 2005. The first repeat 2D survey was acquired in 2009 after 22 kt of CO₂ had been injected into the Stuttgart Formation at approximately 630 m depth. Main objectives of the 2D seismic surveys were the imaging of geological structures, detection of injected CO₂, and comparison with the 3D surveys. Time-lapse processing highlighted the importance of detailed static corrections to account for travel time delays, which are attributed to different near-surface velocities during the survey periods. Compensation for these delays has been performed using both pre-stack static corrections and post-stack static corrections. The pre-stack method decomposes the travel time delays of baseline and repeat datasets in a surface consistent manner, while the latter cross-aligns baseline and repeat stacked sections along a reference horizon.Application of the static corrections improves the S/N ratio of the time-lapse sections significantly. Based on our results, it is recommended to apply a combination of both corrections when time-lapse processing faces considerable near-surface velocity changes. Processing of the datasets demonstrates that the decomposed solution of the pre-stack static corrections can be used for interpretation of changes in near-surface velocities. In particular, the long-wavelength part of the solution indicates an increase in soil moisture or a shallower groundwater table in the repeat survey.Comparison with the processing results of 2D and 3D surveys shows that both image the subsurface, but with local variations which are mainly associated to differences in the acquisition geometry and source types used. Interpretation of baseline and repeat stacks shows that no CO₂ related time-lapse signature is observable where the 2D lines allow monitoring of the reservoir. This finding is consistent with the time-lapse results of the 3D surveys, which show an increase in reflection amplitude centered around the injection well. To further investigate any potential CO₂ signature, an amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis was performed. The time-lapse analysis of the AVO does not indicate the presence of CO₂, as expected, but shows signs of a pressure response in the repeat data.     

磁性起伏地形磁异常改正方法探讨

磁性起伏地形磁异常改正是提高表层具有磁性地区磁法勘探效果的有效途径。通过理论分析,提出了一种简便、快速的改正方法并给出应用实例,对改正方法应用需注意的问题进行了探讨。     

Prediction of cyclic resistance ratio for silty sands and its applications in the simplified liquefaction analysis

Liquefaction resistance of granular soils is commonly characterized by the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) in the simplified shear stress procedure of liquefaction potential assessment. This parameter is commonly estimated by cyclic tests on reconstituted samples or empirical correlations between liquefied/non-liquefied case histories. The current study employs results of cyclic triaxial tests on reconstituted soil specimens and presents a predictive equation for cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of clean and silty sands. The CRR equation is a function of relative density, effective mean confining pressure, non-plastic fines content, number of harmonic cycles for liquefaction onset, and some other basic soil properties. It is demonstrated that the developed relationship obtains reasonable accuracy in the prediction of laboratory-based CRR. Based on the developed CRR model, new relationships are then presented for the coefficient of effective overburden pressure (K_σ) and magnitude scaling factor (MSF), two important modification factors in the simplified shear stress procedure. These new modification factors are then compared with those recommended by previous researchers. Finally, the possible application of the proposed CRR model in field condition is shown for a specific case. This study provides a preliminary insight into the liquefaction resistance of silty sands prior to the complementary laboratory studies.     

基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编体系研究与实践

各种比例尺地形图担负着不同的社会、经济职能,多尺度地形图生产和建库,是基础地理信息系统建设的重要内容,也是信息库建设的重点和难点。以往获得较小比例尺地形图成果,一是按照尺度划分规则分别测绘,二是采用制图综合软件逐级梯度缩编,无论哪种方法都存在着效率低、时间长、更新困难、质量因人而异的缺陷。研究采用新的技术方法,基于空间信息源的多尺度地形图智能化缩编,借助空间信息数据库的整体性、适应性、拓展性、算法先进性和超强分析能力,运用空间信息拓扑关系,建立基本比例尺图形数据库,在信息数据库中智能化完成梯级比例尺缩编、跨比例尺缩编及任意比例尺缩编,自动建立相应比例尺图形数据库,同时保障多尺度图形数据库及时更新和维护,克服传统方法测制与缩编各级比例尺地形图的弊端,保障系列比例尺地形图与基本比例尺图形数据库的一致性、实时性,满足各层次、各行业用图需求,方便快速建立城市DSM地表模型和空间真三维地理模型。该方法具有成本低、速度快、精度高、通用性强、按需供图的特点和优势。湘潭市数字城市工程实践证明:基于基础信息源数据进行地形图智能化缩编的体系、架构、理论和方法是可行的,且具有广泛的社会推广应用价值。     

复杂地形条件下航空伽玛能谱地形改正方法探讨

应用矩形辐射体航空伽玛辐射场理论,研究应用于复杂地形条件下的航空伽玛能谱资料的地形改正方法,并针对该方法进行验证. 本文利用航空物探测量过程中获得的DTM数据（达到了地形改正所需的地形起伏数据精度）,应用矩形辐射体航空伽玛辐射场理论,根据地面辐射体与航空伽玛场分布之间的正演关系,对航空伽玛能谱解释方法的原理进行了正演分析和反演推导. 探索出一种按影响角进行地形改正的方法. 该方法特点是适合于任意飞行方式(缓地形和水平飞行均可)和任意地形条件航空伽玛能谱的逐点地形改正. 结果表明该地形改正方法能够基本消除航空伽玛能谱测量中的地形起伏产生的影响,经地形修正后的航空伽玛能谱异常能较正确地反映地面辐射体的真实情况.