全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3180篇 |
免费 | 516篇 |
国内免费 | 976篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 985篇 |
大气科学 | 1727篇 |
地球物理 | 331篇 |
地质学 | 501篇 |
海洋学 | 214篇 |
天文学 | 184篇 |
综合类 | 248篇 |
自然地理 | 482篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 49篇 |
2022年 | 136篇 |
2021年 | 200篇 |
2020年 | 205篇 |
2019年 | 224篇 |
2018年 | 134篇 |
2017年 | 218篇 |
2016年 | 193篇 |
2015年 | 223篇 |
2014年 | 245篇 |
2013年 | 251篇 |
2012年 | 243篇 |
2011年 | 228篇 |
2010年 | 166篇 |
2009年 | 189篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 207篇 |
2006年 | 185篇 |
2005年 | 152篇 |
2004年 | 130篇 |
2003年 | 122篇 |
2002年 | 102篇 |
2001年 | 63篇 |
2000年 | 81篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1998年 | 54篇 |
1997年 | 55篇 |
1996年 | 63篇 |
1995年 | 60篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有4672条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Yong ZHANG Lejian ZHANG Jianping GUO Jinming FENG Lijuan CAO Yang WANG Qing ZHOU Liangxu LI Bai LI Hui XU Lin LIU Ning AN Huan LIU 《大气科学进展》2018,35(2):158-168
Clouds are critical to the global radiation budget and hydrological cycle, but knowledge is still poor concerning the observed climatology of cloud-base height(CBH) in China. Based on fine-resolution sounding observations from the China Radiosonde Network(CRN), the method used to estimate CBH was modified, and uncertainty analyses indicated that the CBH is good enough. The accuracy of CBH estimation is verified by the comparison between the sounding-derived CBHs and those estimated from the micro-pulse lidar and millimeter-wave cloud radar. As such, the CBH climatology was compiled for the period 2006–16. Overall, the CBH exhibits large geographic variability across China, at both 0800 Local Standard Time(LST) and 2000 LST, irrespective of season. In addition, the summertime cloud base tends to be elevated to higher altitudes in dry regions [i.e., Inner Mongolia and the North China Plain(NCP)]. By comparison, the Tibetan Plateau(TP),Pearl River Delta(PRD) and Sichuan Basin(SCB) have relatively low CBHs( 2.4 km above ground level). In terms of seasonality, the CBH reaches its maximum in summer and minimum in winter. A low cloud base tends to occur frequently( 70%) over the TP, PRD and SCB. In contrast, at most sites over the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and the NCP, about half the cloud belongs to the high-cloud category. The CBH does not exhibit marked diurnal variation in summer, throughout all CRN sites, probably due to the persistent cloud coverage caused by the East Asia Summer Monsson. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CBH climatology produced from sounding measurements in China, and provides a useful reference for obtaining observational cloud base information. 相似文献
992.
The present study investigates the persistence of summer sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) in the midlatitude North Pacific and its interdecadal variability. Summer SSTAs can persist for a long time(approximately 8–14 months)around the Kuroshio Extension(KE) region. This long persistence may be strongly related to atmospheric forcing because the mixed layer is too shallow in the summer to be influenced by the anomalies at depths in the ocean. Changes in atmospheric circulation, latent heat flux, and longwave radiation flux all contribute to the long persistence of summer SSTAs. Among these factors, the longwave radiation flux has a dominant influence. The effects of sensible heat flux and shortwave radiation flux anomalies are not significant. The persistence of summer SSTAs displays pronounced interdecadal variability around the KE region, and the variability is very weak during 1950–82 but becomes stronger during 1983–2016. The changes in atmospheric circulation, latent heat flux, and longwave radiation flux are also responsible for this interdecadal variability because their forcings on the summer SSTAs are sustained for much longer after 1982. 相似文献
993.
对2011—2016年部分夏季时段分别在西藏那曲、拉萨、林芝和阿里观测的大气向下长波辐射(L↓)进行分析,结果显示:L↓具有明显的日变化,最大值出现在北京时间15:00前后,而最低值出现在凌晨至10:00,日平均值林芝最高(368 W·m-2),其次是拉萨(319 W·m-2)、阿里(305 W·m-2)和那曲(299 W·m-2)。晴天L↓ ?ngstr?m(1915)的经验公式最适合林芝,而Konzelmann(1994)的公式则适合那曲、拉萨和阿里;随着人工观测总云量的增加,L↓增强趋势明显,满云(云量7~10成)情形4个站点云增强效应均从20 W·m-2上升至50 W·m-2以上,低云量对L↓的增强效应明显高于总云量。云份额数(CF)上升所对应天顶方向平均云底高度下降,但云增强效应上升。在晴天(CF为-5%~5%、平均云底高度大于4 km)时,云增强效应仅为5 W·m-2左右(林芝接近20 W·m-2),但当CF为90%以上(云底高度小于3.5 km)时,云增强效应则上升到60 W·m-2(林芝接近50 W·m-2)。固定云底高度,CF与L↓云增强效应呈显著相关(r2为0.91~0.97),远高于云底高度与L↓云增强效应的相关(r2为0.32~0.58)。 相似文献
994.
Derek T. Robinson Andrei M. Balulescu 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(6):1061-1086
Data and estimates on the spatial distribution of consumer spending form the foundation of retail location analysis and location-allocation spatial interaction models. The presented research presents and compares four methods to estimate consumer spending that combine different levels of detail in household spending data across multiple levels of household aggregation (i.e. census units). Results demonstrate that these methods, which use publicly available census data, can capture a substantial amount of reported sales. Furthermore, comparison of the best method with the de facto industry standard for business data in Canada shows a strong correlation (R2 > 0.85) across space and is within 10% of aggregate industry-derived spending estimate. Analysis of the spending data across space finds that the majority of spending occurs in census metropolitan areas with high spending clusters that offer unique opportunities for retail location. We interrogate the socio-demographic characteristics of the population in these high spending clusters and find that only a few variables are required to explain a large proportion of the variance in consumer spending. The overarching outcome of the presented research is that small-to-medium businesses, planners, and municipalities do not need expensive proprietary data to estimate and predict consumer spending and market demand. 相似文献
995.
Cloud microphysical processes occur at the smallest end of scales among cloud-related processes and thus must be parameterized not only in large-scale global circulation models(GCMs) but also in various higher-resolution limited-area models such as cloud-resolving models(CRMs) and large-eddy simulation(LES) models. Instead of giving a comprehensive review of existing microphysical parameterizations that have been developed over the years, this study concentrates purposely on several topics that ... 相似文献
996.
基于1961—2020年广东省86个国家自动气象站的日最高气温数据,采用一种客观识别方法,对广东省群发性高温事件进行回算识别,结果得到广东省群发性高温事件呈显著增长趋势,且在1990年代发生一次年代际突变,群发性高温事件主要发生在4—10月,其频次、强度、持续时间和空间影响范围等特征参数均呈现以7月为最盛期的类单峰式分布。值得关注的是,近60年来广东群发性短历时高温事件呈略微减少趋势,而长历时(≥6天)的事件数呈现显著增加趋势,这给政府的防灾减灾造成更大的难度。 相似文献
997.
998.
针对如何从车载激光点云数据中快速、准确地提取道路边线的问题,本文提出一种基于直线特征检测的道路边线自动提取方法。首先对原始点云进行地面滤波,删除非地面点,获取包含道路信息的地面点云,接着把点云投影到二维图像上,根据反射强度获得平均强度图像,对平均强度图像进行LSD直线检测,获得道路边线的直线段,然后进行直线连接,把检测出来的短线段连接成长直线,最后根据直线特征提取出道路边线,并且利用定量指标对提取结果进行定量分析。实验证明,该方法提取的道路边线具有较高的准确率和完整性。 相似文献
999.
This study compares the accuracies of diameter at breast height (DBH) estimations by three initial (minimum bounding box, centroid, and maximum distance) and two refining (Monte Carlo and optimal circle) circle-fitting methods The circle-fitting algorithms were evaluated in multi-scan mode and a simulated single-scan mode on 157 European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). DBH measured by a calliper was used as reference data. Most of the studied circle-fitting algorithms significantly underestimated the mean DBH in both scanning modes. Only the Monte Carlo method in the single-scan mode significantly overestimated the mean DBH. The centroid method proved to be the least suitable and showed significantly different results from the other circle-fitting methods in both scanning modes. In multi-scan mode, the accuracy of the minimum bounding box method was not significantly different from the accuracies of the refining methods The accuracy of the maximum distance method was significantly different from the accuracies of the refining methods in both scanning modes. The accuracy of the Monte Carlo method was significantly different from the accuracy of the optimal circle method in only single-scan mode. The optimal circle method proved to be the most accurate circle-fitting method for DBH estimation from point clouds in both scanning modes. 相似文献
1000.