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331.
乌鲁木齐冬季大雾与低空逆温的关系 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了找出雾与逆温之间的联系和规律,为大雾预报提供参考依据,利用乌鲁木齐市2000年1月—2006年4月的地面、探空资料,对210个大雾日和1221个逆温日进行了统计特征分析。分析表明,乌鲁木齐市区逆温年发生频率为82%。一年中冬半年(10—3月)平均月发生频率为92%,夏半年(4—9月)平均月发生频率为68%。大雾只出现在10月至次年4月,雾日平均每年32.7d。冬季强逆温是形成大雾的重要条件之一,各月大雾日数与逆温日数及逆温层的厚度值、温差值之间呈正相关;与逆温层的底高呈反相关;在同一个月中,当逆温层底高低、温差大和强度强的情况下,出现雾的几率大;从7a雾日逆温平均特征值与无雾日逆温平均特征值比较分析表明:雾日逆温存在底高低、顶高低、厚度厚、温差大、强度强的特点。 相似文献
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333.
采自柞水银铅矿地表径流6个沉积物样品,用连续提取法提取了金属元素的5种化学相态(可交换相、碳酸盐相,铁锰氧化物结合相,有机质-硫化物结合相及残渣相),测定了各相中铜铅锌含量,分析了其分布特征。结果表明,在河流沉积物中,铜主要以残渣相和有机质相存在,铅、锌主要为铁锰水合氧化物相和碳酸盐相。在此基础上,对矿山开采中环境影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
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335.
Yu Xixian 《GeoJournal》1998,45(3):151-158
This paper is translated and consolidated from the following papers: Study on Xu Xia-ke's Records of the Extraordinary Cold Caused by the Heavy Snow in the 17th Century (Geographical Research,
v. 12, no. 3), and A Study on the Extra Long Autumn Rain in the Central Part of Yunnan in 1638 Based on Xu Xia-ke's Travels
(Geographical Research, v. 14, no. 4). The translation and consolidation were done by Wong Yat Loon, Department of Urban and Environment Science, Peking University,
Beijing 100871, China
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
336.
R. Swennen J. van der Sluys R. Hindel A. Brusselmans 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,62(1-3)
A geochemical survey of Belgium and Luxembourg was carried out as part of an international research project entitled ‘Regional geochemical mapping of Western Europe towards the year 2000'. The aim of this research was to map regional background geochemical patterns based on pristine or at least pre-industrial overbank samples and to deduce regional information on the degree of environmental pollution of floodplain and present-day river sediments. Over the entire study area (about 33,000 km2), 66 overbank sites have been sampled. Catchment areas range between 60 and 600 km2. At each site an overbank profile has been dug out in the immediate vicinity of the river and described in detail. A first composite sample was taken 5–25 cm below the surface. This sample is supposed to represent deposition over the last centuries. Human interferences in this interval are often inferable based on changed sedimentary characteristics and the presence of anthropogenic particles such as charcoal, slags and brick fragments. A second composite sample was taken at depth, usually >1.5 m below the surface over an interval of about 20 cm. In most sites, the profile characteristics allowed to assume pre-industrial or even pristine conditions for this lower overbank sample. In some profiles this was confirmed by 14C-dating and/or by the absence of anthropogenic particles. Finally, a present-day stream sediment was sampled on the site to infer the actual pollution status. After drying at 80°C, disaggregation and sieving, the <125 μm fractions of the three sediment samples were analysed by XRF for major elements and several trace elements. Lower overbank samples generally show a direct link with the geological substrate and allow to assess natural background concentrations. Results from the mapping exercise as well as from the statistical analyses display a clear contrast between the northern part of Belgium where Cenozoic unconsolidated sandy and silty formations dominate which are especially vulnerable for erosion, and the southern part of Belgium and Luxembourg where Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstones, carbonates, marls and shales are the prevalent lithologies. Here the shales are the most intensively eroded lithologies. This is especially reflected in the element patterns of Al2O3, MgO, K2O, Ga, Ni, Rb, Sc and V which negatively correlate with SiO2. Despite the human related pollution, the geological contrast between north and south Belgium is still recognisable in the geochemical pattern of the upper overbank and present-day stream sediment samples for the above-mentioned elements. Furthermore there is a clear increase in heavy metal contents (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu), As and in certain locations in Ba from the lower to the upper overbank sediment, as well as to the present-day stream sediment. The relative increase in element content allows to assess the degree of pollution and helps to define those drainage areas where more detailed research is needed. 相似文献
337.
土壤重金属(镉、铅、铜)化学形态的地理分异研究* 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
文章以我国9种主要类型土壤和同一地域的棕壤和四种褐土亚类以及红壤带中的非地带性土壤,如酸、中、石灰性紫色土,探讨了在不同自然地理条件下的土壤中,重金属Cd、Pb、Cu形态赋存状态及形态的分异特征,如土壤Pb的水溶态、交换态和弱结合态的相对百分含量随土壤地理带的分布,具南高北低、东高西低的分异规律。而同一地域各亚类的土壤间差异相对较微小。也探讨了土壤性质,如pH值、有机质与土壤重金属形态区域分异的关系,从而揭示了土壤重金属Pb等元素的形态在南北和东西方向土壤序列中的区域性分异规律。 相似文献
338.
Norimichi Takenaka Tohru Daimon Akihiro Ueda Keiichi Sato Masaru Kitano Hiroshi Bandow Yasuaki Maeda 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(2):135-150
Nitrite oxidation in the tropospheric aqueous phase by freezing was evaluated by freezing a field sample. Nitrite oxidation by dissolved oxygen in the freezing process is much faster than by other oxidation processes, such as reactions with ozone, hydrogen peroxide or dissolved oxygen in an aqueous solution at pHs 3 to –6. At pH 4.5 and 25°C, the lifetime of nitrite in the aqueous phase is ca. 1 hr in oxidation by ozone (6×10-10 mol dm-3), ca. 10 hr in oxidation by H2O2 (2×10-4 mol dm-3), and 7.5 hr (Fischer and Warneck, 1996) in photodissociation at midday in summer. Under the same conditions at a temperature below 0°C, the lifetime of nitrite in the freezing process is estimated as ca. 2 sec when the droplets are frozen within a second. The reaction by freezing is affected by the presence of salts, such as NaCl or KCl, or orgnaic compounds, such as methanol or acetone. The results of freezing a field rain or fog sample showed that nitrite oxidation proceeds below pH 6, and the conversion ratio of nitrate from nitrite increases with decreasing pH. The oxidation of nitrite by freezing was also observed in freezing fog particles generated by an ultrasonic humidifier. The ratios of the concentrations of ions in the winter sample to those in the summer sample (or those in the fog sample) were almost the same values. However, the concentration of nitrite in the winter sample was lower than that estimated by the ratios of other ions. From the present study, it seems that the freezing process plays an important role in the nitrite sink process in the tropospheric aqueous phase. 相似文献
339.
340.
从天气形势出发,结合物理量场、卫星云图和雷达回波等演变特征,分析洞庭湖附近生成的两个气旋波东移过程中在九江地区引起的强对流、暴雨天气。 相似文献