收缩城市住宅价格空间分异及影响机制——以鹤岗市为例

收缩城市的经济社会问题逐渐凸显,住宅市场发展呈现出消极态势,房价变化成为社会关注的焦点。在此背景下,论文以典型收缩城市——黑龙江省鹤岗市为例,基于住宅小区、夜间灯光、POI数据,利用Kriging插值和多尺度地理加权回归模型等方法,结合鹤岗市空间增长与收缩情况分析住宅价格空间分异特征及影响机制。结果显示：① 鹤岗市住宅价格呈圈层模式分布,核心—外围分异程度强。高水平住宅价格小区集聚在核心区内且分布规模小,中高值圈层扩散态势弱;外围工矿型辖区收缩情况相对严重,住宅价格水平低且波动小。② 城市发展状态与住宅价格水平存在空间相关性。不同收缩程度区域经济发展态势、居民收入水平、人口减少与老龄化、保障房建设规模等宏观因素差异影响着住宅价格总体空间分异格局。③ 城市内部区域的增长或收缩状态影响微观设施的作用效果。发展中心的区位优势对增长型区域住宅价格的正向作用更强,高水平公共服务对核心区和城市北部收缩区域住宅价格的增长有明显积极效应,企业工厂的分布对增长型区域住宅价格的负向影响更突出,各因素相互联系、交互影响,共同作用于住宅价格空间分异。     

THE BENCHMARK LAND PRICE SYSTEM AND URBANLAND USE EFFICIENCY IN CHINA

IINTRODUCTION oppeople’s commune，peasants were asked tojolnpro－ductlon cooperation bydonatingthelrla侣e possessedBefore 1949，private land ownership existed and assets such asland and la吧e production materialsthatland transactions were quite active．A household’s had been distributed Inlandreform．The members ofawealth Is directly correlated with the amount of land It production cooperation collectlvelyown all its propeftlespossesses．Af…     

Societal phosphorus metabolism in future coastal environments: Insights from recent trends in Louisiana,USA

Successful adaptation to global environmental change will require confronting multiple unfolding challenges in concert. Coastal regions vulnerable to sea level rise and tropical storms will likely also be influenced by resource limitation in an uncertain future. In this paper, we explore the interrelated dynamics of coastal population migration, economic instability, and anthropogenic phosphorus (P) flows. Accounting for P flows and improving human P use efficiency are critical tasks given the finite global supply of phosphate rock and widespread eutrophication. We use material flow analysis to examine societal P metabolism in the Upper Pontchartrain Basin in coastal Louisiana, USA for two 5-y time periods (2001–2005 and 2006–2010) to capture the effects of fertilizer economics and population growth partially driven by the impact of Hurricane Katrina in the lower basin in 2005. Mass balances encompass human-mediated P fluxes in food production and consumption subsystems across agricultural, developed, and forested landscapes. Drastic reductions in locally purchased inorganic P fertilizer (78% decline between periods) were correlated to increases in fertilizer prices. Total P input to the study region decreased from 5452 to 3268 Mg P y⁻¹ between periods. Changes in P flows were primarily driven by fertilizer economics, declining dairy production, and the influx of new residents, which has been characterized by decentralized settlement that limits P recycling. Societal P metabolic efficiency increased from 22% to 32% due largely to reduced fertilizer inputs. Leakage to the Pontchartrain Estuary and the Mississippi River represented 17–23% of total system P input, while the vast majority of P accumulated within soils, wastewater systems, and landfills. We discuss basin trends and management implications. A historic opportunity exists to encourage future coastal development characterized by synergies between local agriculture and human habitation to promote energy efficient nutrient recycling. The effect would be a decreased vulnerability to future fertilizer price spikes, along with the mitigation of current and future eutrophication.     

Bridging the practitioner-researcher divide: Indicators to track environmental,economic, and sociocultural sustainability of agricultural commodity production

Agricultural systems, with their links to human wellbeing, have been at the heart of sustainability debates for decades. But there is only limited agreement among scientists and stakeholders about the indicators needed to measure the sustainability of agricultural commodity production. We analyze the metrics and indicators of sustainability used in contemporary research on commodity agriculture to demonstrate that new sustainability indicators continue to be developed rapidly by researchers interested in the three principal pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic, and sociocultural). Data from interviews with main agencies and organizations investing in sustainable commodity agriculture reveals that the most commonly used indicators in the academic literature do not overlap with the central aspects of agricultural commodity production that practitioners seek to monitor. Increased dialogue between researchers and practitioners is necessary for better design and use of metrics and indicators that are cost-effective and can be used to compare sustainability outcomes across countries and commodities. We argue that finding common ground among researchers and practitioners requires coordinating ongoing data collection efforts, a greater focus on linking data collection to relevant indicators for sustainable agricultural production, and more attention to the analysis of combined datasets, rather than on the collection of new data on new indicators. By outlining twelve key aspects of agricultural commodity production that the interviewed practitioners from major agencies and organizations deem important to track, our analysis provides a strong framework that can help bridge research-practitioner divisions related to agricultural commodity production and the use of indicators to monitor and assess its sustainability. Our findings are relevant to the search for a parsimonious set of sustainability indicators at a critical time within the context of a new emerging global sustainability agenda.     

Forest offsets and the California compliance market: Bringing an abstract ecosystem good to market

Improved Forest Management (IFM) projects under the California cap-and-trade market allow production of new, non-traditional commodities: forest carbon offsets. Earlier analyses have considered forest offsets generated through tree planting in the Global South, as vehicles for sustainable development. However, the California IFM program is testing offset production in new geographic and forest management contexts: with offsets produced and consumed within the US on working (timber producing) forests. With data drawn from California IFM project design documents and in-depth interviews with carbon project developers, this study traces the development, sale, and maintenance of forest offsets, in order to map access to benefits along the commodity chain. Results reveal that the cost and complexity of rendering biological services ‘real’ for market legitimacy are reducing benefits to marginal landowners, who lack needed capital, knowledge, and technology to bring offsets to market. An important insight of this study is that the state has maintained power over program participation and offset supply through control of the forest offset methodology, creating a production process largely mediated by the state, adding risk and uncertainty to market participation. Findings provide an empirical example of neoliberal nature and offer broader lessons on governance and benefit distribution for ecosystem service commodity chains.     

中国县域住宅价格的空间差异特征与影响机制

以2014年中国2872个县级单元的住宅平均单价为基本数据,通过空间自相关和核密度函数分析中国住宅价格的差异格局、空间关联特征和分布形态,构建“住宅价格等级金字塔”;根据“需求+供给+市场”的三维理论视角建立包括5大住宅价格差异影响因素在内的价格模型,采用地理探测器分析全国及其区域子市场的影响因素强度差异,并探索其影响机制。结果表明：① 中国区域住宅价格呈现以行政等级性为主、空间集聚性为辅的双重差异格局,其空间关联与集聚性显著;② 中国住宅价格呈现出房价越高,区域越少,所居住城镇人口越少的“金字塔式”等级分布特征。③ 租房户比例、流动人口规模、住房支付能力、住房市场活跃度、土地成本是中国住宅价格差异的5个核心影响因素,不同行政等级子市场的影响因素作用强度各异。     

Heterogeneity in hedonic modelling of house prices: looking at buyers’ household profiles

This paper introduces household-level data into hedonic models in order to measure the heterogeneity of implicit prices regarding household type, age, educational attainment, income, and the previous tenure status of the buyers. Two methods are used for this purpose: a first series of models uses expansion terms, whereas a second series applies Geographically Weighted Regressions. Both methods yield conclusive results, showing that the marginal value given to certain property specifics and location attributes do vary regarding the characteristics of the buyer’s household. Particularly, major findings concern the significant effect of income on the location rent as well as the premium paid by highly-educated households in order to fulfil social homogeneity.     

甘肃河西内陆河流域水资源特征与农业生产发展的探讨

河西内陆河流域是甘肃的重要商品粮基地，农林牧生产潜力很大，干旱是农业发展的主要限制因素，水资源在很大程度上决定着经济发展水平。通过对该区水资源特征及其与农业生产发展关系的分析，并以两个典型灌区进行剖析，认为该区水资源相对数量不足，而径流年内分配与农业需水不相适应是问题的症结，并提出了解决问题的五条具体措施     

中国商品交易市场的空间分布及其发展对策

本文首先从商品交易市场密度、市场规模等方面剖析了我国商品交易市场发展的省区差异特征,证实了市场密度、市场规模与国民经济发展水平之间存在着显著的相关关系;继而又从市场数量、市场规模及其发展趋势方面论述了我国商品市场发育的东、中、西部三大地带性差异特征;并针对存在的主要问题,提出了进一步发展的对策建议。     

基于数据场的以价定级方法研究

提出了基于数据场的以价定级法的主要思想和技术路线,以某市城区住宅用地土地定级为例,验证了此方法。