Scour and burial mechanics of conical frustums on a sandy bed under combined flow conditions

The scour and burial of conical frustums placed on a sandy bed under waves alone (WA) and combined flows (CF) conditions was investigated. The observations indicate that equilibrium burial depth is smaller than burial of other objects such as short cylinders laying on a sand bed under equivalent hydrodynamic conditions. Truncated cone offers less resistance to the flow field due to its more round shape when compared to a horizontally placed short cylinder characterized by sharp edges. A smaller disruption to the flow field translates to less turbulent intensity and to smaller sediment transport capacity of the flow around the object and less burial. The equilibrium burial depth shows a significantly weaker dependency on the Shields parameter than on the Keulegan-Carpenter number, contrary to the case of finite short cylinders. A new empirical predictor based on the relative strength of the wave to the wave plus current velocity, the Keulegan-Carpenter number, and the Shields parameter is proposed for estimating the equilibrium burial of truncated cones under combined flows. Both the Keulegan-Carpenter number and the Shields parameter determine the width of the scour hole around the cone. The former however, is the most dominant parameter influencing the length of the scour hole.     

Numerical simulation of a partially buried pipeline in a permeable seabed subject to combined oscillatory flow and steady current

Hydrodynamic forces exerting on a pipeline partially buried in a permeable seabed subjected to combined oscillatory flow and steady current are investigated numerically. Two-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a k−ω turbulent model closure are solved to simulate the flow around the pipeline. The Laplace equation is solved to calculate the pore pressure below the seabed with the simulated seabed hydrodynamic pressure as boundary conditions. The numerical model is validated against the experimental data of a fully exposed pipeline resting on a plane boundary under various flow conditions. Then the flow with different embedment depths, steady current ratios and KC numbers is simulated. The amplitude of seepage velocity is much smaller than the amplitude of free stream velocity as expected. The normalized Morison inertia, drag and lift coefficients based on the corresponding force coefficients of a fully exposed pipeline are investigated. The normalized Morison force coefficients reduce almost linearly with the increase of embedment depth and that the KC only has minor effect on the normalized Morison coefficients. It is also found that the permeable seabed condition causes a slight increase on the inline force and has a little effect on the lift force, compared with corresponding conditions in an impermeable bed.     

重磁力联合反演在研究复杂盆地基底构造中的应用

本文采用重磁力联合反演方法,计算了民和盆地基底深度和视磁化强度。针对该盆地特点,设计了等效和非均质重力反演模型,在约束条件下分块反演得到准确可靠的基底深度;用基底深度和航磁异常反演基底视磁化强度,根据岩石磁化率参数,判定基底岩性横向分布。该方法不仅能提供盆地基底构造形态,而且能提供基底岩性信息。     

管式渗沟对小型浅层堆积层滑坡的防治效能探讨

陇南地区小型浅层基覆界面滑坡频发且数量众多。该类滑坡一般规模小、滑床浅,多为基覆界面滑动,水的作用是滑坡发生的主要诱因,其中又以松散岩类孔隙水的作用最为明显。主要破坏方式以蠕滑为主,多为坡体前缘受侵蚀,从而带动整个坡体变形。管式渗沟通过设置排水层、反滤层与封闭层,采用渗透方式将地下水汇集于沟内,并通过沟底布有泄水孔的管道将影响土体力学结构的水排出坡体外,改善土体力学性质,可以从根本上消除或减弱该类滑坡的主要诱发因素,结合挡土墙等简单防护工程,达到保持坡体稳定的目的。     

温州近岸围堤对风暴潮漫滩影响的数值研究

利用-套基于非结构网格且能计算海水漫堤溢流的超高分辨率风暴潮漫滩数值模式模拟由9417号台风特大风暴潮引起的漫滩,结果与实测吻合良好。此外,选取超强台风强度并以9417台风路径为南路径,往北每间隔30 km为中路径和北路径设计了3条台风路径,进行了-系列数值模拟得出:近岸围堤加大了风暴潮、漫滩淹没对温州的威胁,而且由南路径引起的漫滩深度和中路径引起的漫滩面积影响最大。究其原因,近岸围堤对外海风暴潮在温州近海及瓯江口传播的阻隔和分流作用,两者综合变相加大了风暴潮往瓯江口北侧海域、瓯江北口、瓯江中上游的输送量。     

地震触发研究中库仑应力随摩擦系数增加而增大的矛盾及其解决

近年来,通过计算库仑破裂应力变化研究地震触发及断层的相互作用,进而估计地震灾害已经成为国际上研究的热点.研究中,为考察库仑模型触发地震的效果,计算时往往要改变模型参数进行检验,特别是让有效摩擦系数从0.0到0.8之间变化.许多研究人员的计算结果表明,库仑破裂应力随着摩擦系数的增加而增大,即断层上摩擦系数的增大可以导致触发地震能力的提高.这显然与我们的常识相违背:摩擦总是阻碍断层滑动、抑制地震发生的,即断层面上的摩擦越大,地震越是难以被触发.文中通过对库仑破裂应力的计算公式进行详细分析后发现,之所以出现摩擦越大,地震越容易被触发的现象,其原因是研究者在计算中没有考虑在构造应力作用的环境里,摩擦系数本身的变化所带来的附加库仑应力变化.若某个地震使一个位于地下15km的典型断层面上的正应力增加2 MPa,如果只考虑静岩压力,当摩擦系数从0.3增大到0.4后,传统库仑破裂应力变化为0.8 MPa;而综合库仑应力变化则大约为-39.2 MPa.所以,若从整体上来分析断层在地震位错及摩擦系数变化所造成的综合库仑应力改变,就不可能出现库仑应力随摩擦系数增加而增加的不正常现象.由此可见,今后在利用库仑模型研究地震触发问题时,应综合考虑构造应力场及摩擦系数本身变化所带来的库仑应力变化.     

基于改进模糊Borda法的中亚农业投资环境组合评价分析

中亚被认为是丝绸之路经济带沿线最具有投资潜力的地区,对其农业投资环境的评价将有助于我国企业"走出去"到中亚各国开展农业投资合作。通过构建由政治与法律环境、经济与对外开放环境、基础设施与公共服务环境、农业生产环境4个方面27项指标组成的综合评价指标体系,采用改进模糊Borda法的组合模型进行评价分析。结果表明:经济与对外开放环境、基础设施与公共服务环境、农业生产环境是影响中亚国家农业投资环境的主要方面;空间维度上,哈萨克斯坦农业投资环境相对最好,得分均值最高(254.056),乌兹别克斯坦(131.110)吉尔吉斯斯坦(107.158)两国次之,塔吉克斯坦(17.673)和土库曼斯坦(15.886)两国最低;时间维度上,哈、吉、乌三国农业投资环境总体呈趋好态势,而塔、土两国农业投资环境较差,处于不稳定状态。     

北京北部上侏罗统辫状河体系沉积特征

根据野外露头的沉积构造和沉积层序特征,对北京北部延庆硅化木国家地质公园上侏罗统后城组进行沉积相研究,认为该地区以辫状河沉积为主,构成辫状河体系的4种沉积微相类型包括河道、心滩、河间湖泊和溢岸沉积,其中的溢岸沉积相当于曲流河中发育的决口河道与决口扇沉积。运用基准面旋回变化原理,识别出了2个中期旋回和构成中期旋回的多个短期旋回。总结了基准面旋回特征,阐明了地层叠加样式随A/S(可容纳空间/沉积物供给)比值的变化规律,认为低A/S比值时,河道砂体的连通性较好,而高A/S比值时,河道较孤立,连通性较差;且溢岸沉积的地层厚度随着A/S比值的增加不断增大,溢岸沉积的厚度可以作为判断可容纳空间大小的一个依据。     

浅谈天津市排水规划编制理念

本文简要介绍了天津市排水专项规划编制的必要性、方法、理念及远景展望。希望通过本文,读者能对排水专项规划的编制理念有新的认识和提升,进而对排水规划编制有所帮助。