陆海统筹视域下国土空间多维冲突识别与分区调控——以莱州市为例

充分识别陆海空间冲突并制定科学规划是实现陆海统筹的关键。基于陆海空间利用现状与规划,构建陆海空间冲突的理论分析框架,采用冲突识别矩阵、邻域冲突测度模型和社会网络分析等方法,以山东省莱州市为案例区,1 km格网为研究单元,分别从陆地对海洋、海洋对陆地2个方向定量识别陆海空间的现状冲突和规划冲突,并结合四象限模型对冲突进行分区。主要研究结果如下：① 从冲突范围与强度来看,莱州市陆地利用与规划越过海岸线的范围更大,陆海交互冲突范围将持续增加,陆海统筹应重视空间复合利用与跨系统交互影响。② 从冲突的类型来看,现状冲突中陆地的水域与湿地以及海洋的渔业用海等利用方式对海陆系统产生的影响较大;而在规划冲突中,陆地的一般农地区和其他用地区,海洋的农渔业区和港口航运区4类功能分区跨系统产生的影响较大。③ 现状与规划的耦合分区结果显示,相对独立的陆海空间规划对于控制和缓解空间冲突具有一定效果,然而陆海空间统筹利用与管理迫在眉睫,应结合系统观点根据不同分区特点进行优化。     

STUDY ON THE MIGRANT LABOUR FORCE OF CHINA IN RECENT YEARS──A Case Study of Nanhai City of Guangdong Province

I.INT~IOWFOralOngthe,thesyStemofPermanentresidencempistrationhasdividedChineseampleintOthO8ewith"tirbanresidence"andthOSehaving"rUralresidence".TherationingsyStem,underwhichedibleoilandgrainwasdistributedonlytOthOSewith"urbanresidence"Calds,hasbeendondnant.Bothsystems,beingcentraltorestrictingthegrowthofurbanpopulation,havestagnatedrUral-tirbaningration.Duringthe30yearsbefore1978,thestatedidsPOnsorpopulationmovementsfromrUraltourbanareasbymeansofenrollingnewworkers,butingeneral,thiss…     

洛南任家滩-荞麦山正长斑岩成因及其对古元古代晚期裂解的指示--岩石化学及锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素特征

华北克拉通南缘的陕西洛南-河南豫西地区出露一系列形成于1.8~1.6Ga的碱性岩,对这些碱性岩的研究有助于提高对华北克拉通南缘古元古代构造环境的认识。本文选取陕西省洛南县任家滩-荞麦山一带碱性侵入体进行系统的岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,讨论了其成因机制和构造背景。研究表明,任家滩-荞麦山岩体的主体岩性为正长斑岩,加权平均年龄为1689±20Ma（MSWD=0.12）,表明其侵位时代为古元古代。该岩体富碱（Na2O+K2O=7.95% ~ 9.5%）,高钾（K2O=4.67% ~ 8.51%）;稀土元素总量较高（496.15×10-6 ~ 650.16×10-6,平均543.06×10-6）,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素相对富集（LREE=454×10-6 ~ 605×10-6）,重稀土元素亏损（HREE=39.3×10-6 ~ 45.6×10-6）,具有弱负铕异常;K、Rb、Ba、Th富集,Nb、Ta、P、Ti亏损,并且具有明显的Sr负异常。εHf（t）值<0,TDM1值为2038 ~ 2218Ma,TDM2值为2250 ~ 2516Ma,说明岩浆源区物质与富集地幔有关或受到过地壳物质的混染。因此,任家滩-荞麦山岩体是由地幔玄武质岩浆与地壳基底太华杂岩形成的中酸性花岗质岩浆混合后形成的熔体,经强烈的结晶分异作用形成的,其形成于陆内裂谷的构造环境,是华北克拉通南缘对哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的响应。     

基于弹性力学思想的河流等高线冲突自动处理方法

文中分析河流等高线冲突的自动处理方法,按照地图综合原理,提出基于弹性力学思想的河流、等高线冲突自动检测和纠正算法。该算法实现河流等高线的冲突探测,并对目标进行受力分析,运用平面杆件弹性体的受力变形模型,得到目标的位移量。该方法在纠正冲突的同时保证目标空间关系的正确,实验证明算法具有较高效率。     

一种地类图斑符号配置算法

地图符号配置是地图可视化的重要组成部分,传统的土地利用现状图制图中,地类图斑的符号化通过填充法或填绘法实现,但是这些方法不能解决符号的空间冲突问题。本文从地图认识的角度出发,归纳地类图斑的符号化规则,提出了一种地类符号配置算法,并利用C#语言、Arc Engine开发接口实现了该算法。实验结果表明,算法较好解决了地类符号与其他地物要素压盖问题。     

Competing rationalities in water conflict: Mining and the indigenous community in Chiu Chiu,El Loa Province,northern Chile

Conflict over water is a significant phenomenon in many parts of the world where globally linked neoliberal economic activities encroach on the lands of indigenous peoples. This case study from Chile examines how water scarcity affecting indigenous agricultural communities in the Chilean Altiplano has been exacerbated by legally sanctioned mining‐related practices. Notably, the legal framing of the 1981 Water Code promotes private ownership of water rights and enhanced mining activity usually at the expense of the ancestral territorial rights of indigenous communities. In the case of the Atacameño community of Chiu Chiu, a serious decrease in subsistence and agriculture production has been suffered as a consequence of reduced flow in the Loa River, resulting from the water intensive needs and extraction practices of the nearby Chuquicamata mine owned by Codelco, the National Copper Corporation of Chile. Via an analysis of the political ecology of competing rationalities this paper explores how an economic rationality based on utilitarian and reductionist thinking manifested by Codelco has taken precedence locally over a socionatural rationality grounded in holistic thinking and sustainability concerns as articulated by the Chiu Chiu community.     

PPGIS在城市规划决策中的应用

在介绍PPGIS概念的基础上,给出了基于PPGIS城市规划决策系统的框架,分析了基于元数据的分布式空间数据库的数据组织方式,提出了公众参与城市规划决策系统中公众冲突的解决机制,并在传统适宜性分析模型的基础上建立了公众参与的适宜性分析模型。     

水权制度冲突与水资源安全

威胁我国水资源安全的根源在于社会转型期的水权制度冲突,主要表现在：水资源的权属冲突、管理体制冲突、取水许可制度与水权交易的冲突、收益分配权的冲突、“以人为本”原则与水资源承载力的冲突等。解决制度冲突的最佳的、也是唯一的途径是实施制度创新。     

Collaborative Governance and Conflict Management: Lessons Learned and Good Practices from a Case Study in the Amazon Basin

Abstract

Given the linkages between natural resources and social conflicts, evidence increasingly shows that successful natural resource management requires conflict mitigation and prevention. However, there may be a gap in practice between knowing what processes and tools need to be used to manage conservation conflicts and how to actually implement them. We present learning from a practice-based case study of conflict management in the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve in the Peruvian Amazon that aimed to develop natural resource governance institutions and build stakeholder capacity, including of indigenous groups, to navigate existing conflict resolution mechanisms. Through applying good practices in conservation conflict management and collaborative governance, we generated important lessons on the practical considerations involved in collaborative conservation. These lessons, while specific to our case, could be applied to a variety of protected areas facing complex social-ecological systems dynamics and wicked problems.     

基于合作与冲突视角的“亚洲水塔”周边国家地缘关系网络演化研究

全球暖化背景下,发源于“亚洲水塔”的国际河流水文特征的改变加剧了区域内地缘关系的紧张性,致使周边国家间地缘关系备受关注。利用新闻大数据GDELT中的合作与冲突事件表征国家间的合作与冲突关系,对1992—2018年“亚洲水塔”周边国家间地缘关系网络演化进行研究,结果表明：①研究期内,“亚洲水塔”周边国家间的地缘关系愈加紧密,区域地缘关系网络趋于稳态。②国家间合作网络逐渐呈以中国为中心的放射形结构,巴基斯坦是区域冲突网络的核心,区域内合作与冲突水平极化现象凸显。③周边国家间地缘关系互动的对等反应特征明显,地缘关系模式的演化表现出一定的时空惯性。④国际贸易格局的改变、地缘政治环境的变化、水资源战略价值重构以及地缘文化因素的潜在作用共同推动了“亚洲水塔”周边国家地缘关系网络的演化。