围岩弹塑性变形条件下锚杆、喷混凝土和U型钢的支护效果研究

已给出弹塑性变形条件下围岩-支护相互作用的全过程解析求解,在此基础上深入研究3种常用支护结构的支护作用效果,是非常必要的。考虑开挖面空间效应,根据弹塑性变形条件下围岩-支护相互作用的全过程解析求解,针对6、5、4 m直径的工程算例,分别对素喷混凝土、锚杆和U型钢等3种支护结构的支护作用效果进行了理论计算与分析,主要包括:3种支护结构极限承载能力理论计算、基于开挖面空间效应的3种支护结构控制围岩弹塑性变形的理论计算与效果分析、剩余支护承载力对普氏围岩压力支护效果的计算与分析;研究了U型钢支架的荷载-径向变形本构关系、提出了剩余支护承载力的概念、分析了支护结构支护围岩各类形变压力的支护机制。研究结果表明:(1)3种支护结构能提供的支护承载力ip(<1 MPa)相对于原岩应力0p(>10 MPa)来说量级太低,控制5⁶ m及更大直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是无效的,但控制4 m直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是有效的;(2)对于直径达56 m及更大直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是无效的,但控制4 m直径的巷道围岩弹塑性变形是有效的;(2)对于直径达5⁶ m甚至更大的巷道围岩,若支护结构的剩余支护承载力i2p能有效地被保存,则支护结构还可以起到有效地支护普氏围岩压力的作用。     

Fault–valve action and vein development during strike–slip faulting: An example from the Ribeira Shear Zone, Southeastern Brazil

Fluid inclusion microthermometry and structural data are presented for quartz vein systems of a major dextral transcurrent shear zone of Neoproterozoic–Cambrian age in the Ribeira River Valley area, southeastern Brazil. Geometric and microstructural constraints indicate that foliation–parallel and extensional veins were formed during dextral strike–slip faulting. Both vein systems are formed essentially by quartz and lesser contents of sulfides and carbonates, and were crystallized in the presence of CO₂–CH₄ and H₂O–CO₂–CH₄–NaCl immiscible fluids following unmixing from a homogeneous parental fluid. Contrasting fluid entrapment conditions indicate that the two vein systems were formed in different structural levels. Foliation–parallel veins were precipitated beneath the seismogenic zone under pressure fluctuating from moderately sublithostatic to moderately subhydrostatic values (319–397 °C and 47–215 MPa), which is compatible with predicted fluid pressure cycle curves derived from fault–valve action. Growth of extensional veins occurred in shallower structural levels, under pressure fluctuating from near hydrostatic to moderately subhydrostatic values (207–218 °C and 18–74 MPa), which indicate that precipitation occurred within the near surface hydrostatically pressured seismogenic zone. Fluid immiscibility and precipitation of quartz in foliation–parallel veins resulted from fluid pressure drop immediately after earthquake rupture. Fluid immiscibility following a local pressure drop during extensional veining occurred in pre-seismic stages in response to the development of fracture porosity in the dilatant zone. Late stages of fluid circulation within the fault zone are represented dominantly by low to high salinity (0.2 to 44 wt.% equivalent NaCl) H₂O–NaCl–CaCl₂ fluid inclusions trapped in healed fractures mainly in foliation–parallel veins, which also exhibit subordinate H₂O–NaCl–CaCl₂, CO₂–(CH₄) and H₂O–CO₂–(CH₄)–NaCl fluid inclusions trapped under subsolvus conditions in single healed microcracks. Recurrent circulation of aqueous–carbonic fluids and aqueous fluids of highly contrasting salinities during veining and post-veining stages suggests that fluids of different reservoirs were pumped to the ruptured fault zone during faulting episodes. A fluid evolution trending toward CH₄ depletion for CO₂–CH₄–bearing fluids and salinity depletion and dilution (approximation of the system H₂O–NaCl) for aqueous–saline fluids occurred concomitantly with decrease in temperature and pressure related to fluid entrapment in progressively shallower structural levels reflecting the shear zone exhumation history.     

侧移土体被动桩成拱效应分析

在分析某工业厂房坍塌原因的基础上,认为由于侧移土体被动桩的成拱效应,地面超载引起的土压力被传递到桩身上,导致桩身发生了较大的侧向变形是这起事故发生的主要原因,事故的发生证明了侧移土体被动桩成拱效应的存在。在此基础上,建立了三维数值模型,对土拱效应的形成过程进行了模拟。对三维情况下被动桩的成拱效应与相同条件二维情况的形式和变化规律进行了比较,对不同桩间距、不同堆载大小情况下的被动桩成拱效应进行了分析,并对成拱效应随时间的变化规律进行了探讨。     

Rural tourism in Spain: an analysis of recent evolution

The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of Rural Tourism¹ (RT) in Spain within a European context. The first step is to examine the development of different “models” of RT and trace some experiences of the application of European policy. In order to set the scene and understand this evolution, the collective imagery on which RT is based is also analysed. This is followed by a study of the development of tourist products and services in rural Spain since the 1980s, as diversification of the traditional sun/sand/sea (3S) tourist economy is sought. The analysis underlines the importance of the role of women, and the consequences of the activity for the economy of rural areas. The purpose is to identify differences in the pattern of evolution with more northern European countries, understand their causes and formulate recommendations for future development.     

基于GIS的桂西-滇东南地区锰矿资源潜力评价

在桂西-滇东南锰矿成矿条件分析的基础上,利用GIS栅格空间分析方法构建了与锰矿成矿相关的沉积盆地、同沉积断裂、沉积相、地层、岩性组合、数字地形特征、航磁异常等地质变量。首先,利用多元线性回归分析方法预测了研究区各网格单元的锰矿资源量,通过地质变量的筛选和组合构建了候选资源量预测模型组,为每个预测单元选择最优模型开展资源量预测;其次,利用证据权重法估算了研究区各网格单元的成矿有利度,根据锰矿资源量与地质变量之间的线性关系是否显著来筛选证据因子,在对地质变量二值化构建证据因子时既考虑锰矿床(点)的"数",又考虑锰矿床(点)的"量";最后,对成矿有利度与锰矿资源量预测结果进行乘法运算得到综合预测图,并结合成矿地质环境圈定了预测远景区。     

测定硅灰石制得多孔SiO2粉体粒径的分散剂选择研究

考察了几种不同类型表面活性剂对一种气相白炭黑的分散效果。经比较研究发现：吐湿－80和六偏磷酸钠的分散效果较类似且较好，对此进行了讨论并选择六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂测试了由硅灰石制制得的多孔SiO2粉体的颗粒粒径。初步确定，该多孔SiO2粉体作为填料可用于反光塑料制品中。     

全差式光度法测定超痕量金

根据催化动力学方法，采用全差式光度计测定岩石、土壤及天然水中超痕量金。方法灵敏度高，设备简单；操作方便，选择性好。野外特快分离富集水中金装置简单实用。     

扩底后注浆桩的现场试验研究与分析

结合某工程的桩基现场静载荷试验和桩身应力测试,对比分析了同一场地中相同桩长的普通钻孔灌注直桩、后注浆灌注直桩、扩底灌注桩和扩底后注浆灌注桩4种桩型的承载力特性、桩身轴力和桩侧摩阻力的分布特性,阐述了扩底后注浆桩的桩身轴力传递规律和侧阻力发挥性状。研究表明：扩底后注浆桩有沉降小、单桩承载力高的特点,具有良好工程性状和经济效益。     

The Relation Between Distribution of Damming Landslides and Tibetan Plateau Upheaval

THE RELATION BETWEEN DISTRIBUTION OF DAMMING LANDSLIDES AND TIBETAN PLATEAU UPHEAVAL     

湘东北思村──砰山剥离断层特征及其控矿作用

本文对思村一砰山剥离断层的构造岩带特征及其控矿作用进行了分析,并对其成矿模式进行了探讨。