Air-sea interaction over the tropical Indian Ocean during several contrasting monsoon seasons

Monthly mean anomaly fields of various parameters like sea surface temperature, air temperature, wind stress, effective radiation at the surface, heat gain over the ocean and the total heat loss between a good and bad monsoon composite and the evaporation rates over the Arabian Sea and southern hemisphere have been studied over the tropical Indian Ocean. The mean rates of evaporation on a seasonal scale over the Arabian Sea during a good and bad monsoon composites were equal (about 2·48 × 10¹⁰ tons/day). The evaporation rates over the southern hemisphere were greater during all the months. The mean evaporation rates over the southern hemisphere on a seasonal scale for the good and bad monsoon composites were 4·4 × 10¹⁰ and 4·6 × 10¹⁰ tons/day respectively. The maximum evaporation rates over the southern hemisphere were observed in August. The anomalies of wind stress, effective radiation at the surface and the heat gain over the ocean also exhibit large variations in August, as compared to other monsoon months.     

根据波速-压力关系评价岩石岩性、物性的实验研究

本文在实验室里对老爷庙油田馆陶组（Ng）油气贮层砂岩岩芯的孔隙度φ、空气渗透率κ、骨架密度ρ_ma、岩石密度ρ_b和不同有效覆盖压力△P下岩芯的声波时差△t,做了精确测量,用回归分析拟合了φ-K、φ-ρ_b、φ-△t和V-△p（△t-△p）的经验关系式;保持原始孔隙结构不变的前提下,在岩芯饱和各种矿化度的孔隙流体时测定了声波时差△t与孔隙度φ的关系.研究结果表明,当贮层的φ-K、φ-ρ_b和φ-△t相关时,可用声波时差△t或波速V解释贮层的岩性,并可反演求出贮层的φ、K和ρ_b;地层有效覆盖压力对贮层的孔隙度和波速具有明显的影响.根据V-△p曲线的变化规律,可以评价贮层的岩性和埋藏地质体的油、气储集能力.这些结果对油田地震勘探和石油测井资料的解释具有重要的参考价值,并为预测储油有利地区和评价贮层提供了一种新的途径.     

STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING AN AIR MASS TRANSFORMATION MODEL IN TAIYUAN

An AMT-model,consisting of a trajectory model and a one-dimensional boundary layer model,is tested fortrajectories arriving in Taiyuan to study the possibility of using it in Taiyuan.The sensitivity of the model tothe different processes was studied.Some parameters of the model were modified for the purpose of forecast-ing in specific mountainous terrain and dry climate conditions.Results of examples which we have workedout for Taiyuan circumstances for the periods of July(summer)1985 and January(winter)1986,show that the12h runs of the AMT-model are able to reproduce(on historical data)the sounding of Taiyuan.The AMT-modelcontributes fruitfully to short-range weather forecasts(12—36h ahead)during periods of severe air pollution andwhen cold waves occur.     

一次东亚寒潮爆发后冷涌发展的研究

分析了１９８１年１月２１—２８日一次东亚强寒潮爆发后南海和西太平洋地区冷涌的发展过程。冷涌的发展最先表现为低层强东北风沿东亚沿海地区和南海中北部的迅速建立。２—３ｄ之后，又在菲律宾以东洋面激起第二次冷涌。与冷涌相伴随的低层温度场变化也十分明显，同样具有先后两次降温过程。冷涌期高空风场表现有明显的脉动，南海北部高空西风迅速减弱，而在南海近赤道地区出现了很强的高空东风区。冷涌的发展与寒潮冷高压的南下有密切关系，它的强度在很大程度上取决于中纬度冷高压的强度。另一方面，冷涌发展后，通过Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流可影响中纬西风急流和热带东风急流的变化。     

高血压病与气象关系探讨

通过对高血压病与气象关系的分析表明，气温、气压等气象要素的急剧变化，均对高血压病产生影响。患病高峰期与气候月际变化最大期相吻合，说明高血压病发病与气象有关，即气象因子是高血压病的一个致病因素。     

论雾与污染的关系

简述了近年来雾的研究进展，并从雾的酸化、雾层内污染物的扩散、雾层对污染物的清除、污染物对雾形成与发展的影响等方面讨论了雾与大气污染的关系。     

中国沿海城市的气块后向轨迹分析

该文讨论了大连、青岛、上海、福州、厦门和广州６个沿海城市的气块长距离后向输送轨迹。输送层假设在１５００ｍ上，计算了１９８５年１、４、７、１０月份的轨迹，轨迹分析得出：（１）气块后向轨迹与天气形势和季节有关，且南北方有差异；（２）北方沿海城市的７２小时气块后向轨迹输送距离要比南方沿海城市远些。     

东亚寒潮高压的位涡诊断研究

用位势涡度方程对1980年1月26—30日东亚寒潮高压的演变做了诊断研究，表明高压中心地区低层是低值位涡区，位涡值随高压增强（减弱）而变小（变大）；随着高压的发展加强，位涡最小值由对流层中层降到近地面层，随着高压的减弱，最小值中心又上升；对流层高层的位涡值随着地面高压的增强而加大，反映高空冷槽、地面高压同时在发展。位涡收支方程各项对高压发展、减弱有着不同的作用。作用最大的是地转风水平平流项和地转偏差风的散度项，其次是地转偏差风的平流项和辐射项，扭转项和热成风偏差项均甚小，可忽略不计。     

神府煤田大柳塔矿区高分辨率地震勘探

利用高分辨率地震反射法，在地表沙丘、沙垅无规则分布的神府煤田大柳塔矿区为采掘巷道作业，勘探垂直断距２ｍ以上至５ｍ的断层分布。试验观测结果取得了良好的效果。