中国海地球物理场特征

1960年开始对中国海进行地球物理系统调查,经过30年积累了丰富的测控、重力、磁力和地震资料,应用“一、二、三、多”的综合解释原则,编绘并出版了比例尺为1：5M的“中国海区及领域地质地球物理系列图”（1992）,在此基础上,认识到中国海的一些地球物理现象,进而讨论了中国大地构造格架及其演化历史,提出了中国对海底油气资源的看法。     

粤西沿海震动图的生成和研究

震动图是描绘地震产生的地面运动和可能破坏情况的有效工具,主要包括峰值地面速度(PGV)等值线图、峰值地面加速度(PGA)等值线图和仪器烈度分布图等.基于华南数字地震台网记录到的2010年7月9日MS3.7级阳江地震的数据资料,利用SAC和GMT软件从记录到的地震波形数据提取地面运动参数,生成了PGV和PGA等值线图,并...     

An event simulation approach to the assessment of flood level frequencies: risk maps for the Warsaw reach of the River Vistula

Flood risk assessment is customarily performed using a design flood. Observed past flows are used to derive a flood frequency curve which forms the basis for a construction of a design flood. The simulation of a distributed model with the 1‐in‐T year design flood as an input gives information on the possible inundation areas, which are used to derive flood risk maps. The procedure is usually performed in a deterministic fashion, and its extension to take into account the design flood‐and flow routing model uncertainties is computer time consuming. In this study we propose a different approach to flood risk assessment which consists of the direct simulation of a distributed flow routing model for an observed series of annual maximum flows and the derivation of maps of probability of inundation of the desired return period directly from the obtained simulations of water levels at the model cross sections through an application of the Flood Level Frequency Analysis. The hydraulic model and water level quantile uncertainties are jointly taken into account in the flood risk uncertainty evaluation using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach. An additional advantage of the proposed approach lies in smaller uncertainty of inundation predictions for long return periods compared to the standard approach. The approach is illustrated using a design flood level and a steady‐state solution of a hydraulic model to derive maps of inundation probabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regional subsidence of Mexico City and its effects on seismic response

Changes expected in Mexico City's seismic response due to land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction are examined. Settlements of the land surface observed in the recent past are compiled and processed to predict regional subsidence in the near future. This information is used in combination with the iso-depth and iso-period maps stipulated by the building code to estimate the compaction of surface sediments and the shortening of soil periods. The time-progressive evolution of the official seismic zoning maps and the associated site-specific response spectra is predicted. The same is done with spectral response contours expressed in terms of the site and structure periods. The subsidence effects are considered through an impact factor, which represents the increase or decrease in the spectral ordinates with respect to the current values specified for design purposes. The detrimental or beneficial effects depend on the relative values of the structure and site periods.     

清单式管理在地震应急技术保障中的应用研究

地震是一种突发性强和破坏性大的自然灾害,重特大地震的发生往往致使较重的人员伤亡和财产损失。科学制作并合理利用应急技术产品是提升抢险救援效率的有效措施,可以有力支撑指挥层级快速决策与应急指挥。以四川长宁"6·17"地震中的应急技术保障工作为参鉴,结合当前常用应急监测技术手段,全面梳理应急技术保障产品在实践应用中的常态问题。并在此基础上,引入"清单制"管理思维,从何种阶段制作哪类产品,哪类产品需要哪些要素上进行细化构思,建立地震灾害应急技术保障产品清单,从管理模式上规范技术保障机制,促使地震应急技术支撑有力并且有序,切实提升震后应急处置效率。     

新疆境外震中参考地名查询实现

震中参考地名的确定是地震速报工作不可缺少的环节,在Google地图中以KML格式提取和存储新疆周边国家和地区边界坐标数据,利用Delphi语言和天地图API相关技术,开发新疆境外震中参考地名的查询软件,从而可以快速确定新疆周边国家和地区的参考地名,使得境外地震速报的地名准确性和速度得到明显提高。     

中国地壳运动观测网络基准站倾斜固体潮观测中的海潮负荷信号改正问题

利用最新的全球海潮模型（Csr3.0,Fes95.2,Tpxo2,Csr4.0和Scw80)和中国近海海潮资料，基于标准地球模型负荷格林函数，采用Agnew的积分格林函数方法研究了倾斜固体潮观测中的海潮负荷效应。文章计算了中国地壳运动观测网络25个基准站8个主要潮流的倾斜负荷，数值结果说明对某一潮波而言，倾斜负荷振幅达10^-9弧度，沿海地区达10^-8弧度或更多。文章构制了北京和上海等8个主要台站的倾斜负荷随时间变化。     

Methodological considerations of probabilistic seismic hazard mapping

This paper presents a methodological discussion of several issues involved with the development of maps of seismic hazard. The points made are illustrated with worked examples, using Scotland as an illustrative case. The issues treated are divided under three headings: matters relating to the difference between hazard maps and site studies; matters concerned with the technical issues of mapping, and matters relating to the use to which hazard maps will be put. It is concluded that a hazard map cannot be an all-purpose substitute for site-specific studies, owing to the impracticality of ensuring all-round conservatism in a hazard map, and the lower level of detail (more broad-brush approach) in a regional mapping study. Also, since users of a hazard map are not necessarily going to be engineers, consideration should be given to the provision of maps expressed in parameters other than physical measures of ground motion. Intensity is useful here, since it relates to actual earthquake experience and to damage. One can also move to making maps of generic seismic risk even before one has data on the distribution of exposure and vulnerability. Discussion is made of the issue of testing the validity of hazard maps against real experience, with examples. If a map can be shown to accord with real observations, then it can be treated with greater confidence by users.     

花岗岩可否分离结晶，有堆晶花岗岩吗？——评学术界最近的一些争论

花岗岩能否分离结晶?世界上有没有堆晶花岗岩？这是学术界长期争论的问题。从近期发表的文献判断,上述争论已经从国际学术界转入国内学术界。国际学术界一直坚持花岗岩能够分离结晶,笔者一直持反对意见。最近,关于堆晶花岗岩的说法突然盛行起来。什么是堆晶岩?堆晶与堆积是一回事吗?斜长石是堆晶矿物吗?这些问题都是需要认真讨论的。众所周知,玄武岩有堆晶岩,花岗岩则主要呈晶粥状态出现,这是两种岩浆粘性不同的表现。花岗岩由于粘性大,晶出的矿物不能下沉,与其晶出的岩浆一起构成类似粥状的面貌,故称为“晶粥”。玄武岩粘性低,晶出的矿物可以下沉离开其结晶的部位在岩浆房底部堆积形成堆晶岩,故玄武岩不形成晶粥。花岗岩形成晶粥后,由于冷却、固结而不可能再次升温熔融造成“晶”与“粥”分离的可能。因此,关于上有高分异花岗岩（或流纹岩）,下有堆晶的花岗岩的说法是不可能成立的。堆晶岩、堆晶结构等,统统是外国学者创造的。毋庸置疑,外国学者对花岗岩研究有很大的贡献,现今花岗岩理论的成果基本上都是外国学者提出来的,我们只是在学习、仿效和跟踪。然而,花岗岩研究中也有许多错误的理论、模型、假说,毫无疑问也是外国学者提出来的。面对上述情况,我们只有一个办法：独立思考。学习是必须的,但是,要批判地学,要仔细地鉴别,取其精华,去其糟粕。这样,我们才能更快地进步,才能不至于跟着外国学者犯错误。