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391.
392.
Reginald G. Golledge Matthew Rice R. Daniel Jacobson 《The Professional geographer》2005,57(3):339-349
The growth of the Internet and the digital revolution have meant increased reliance on electronic representations of information. Geospatial information has been readily adapted to the world of cyberspace, and most Web pages incorporate graphics, images, or maps to represent spatial and spatialized data. But flat computer screens do not facilitate a map or graph experience by those who are visually impaired. The traditional method for compensating for nonvisual access to maps and graphics has been to construct hard‐copy tactile maps. In this article, we examine an electronic accommodation for nonvisual users—the haptic map. Using new and off‐the‐shelf hardware—force feedback and vibrotactile mice—we explore how touch can be combined with virtual representations of shapes and patterns to enable nonvisual access to onscreen map or graphic material. 相似文献
393.
多尺度地图数据在多媒体电子地图集中的组织和显示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文引入LOD思想,详细论述了在同一比例尺数字地图不同详细程度的分层显示和不同比例尺数字地图嵌套显示中,多尺度地图数据的组织和显示方式.通过运用多比例尺数据切换显示,间接地实现了电子地图的无级缩放. 相似文献
394.
Barry Boots 《GeoJournal》2001,53(4):339-345
395.
Floods have been the most severe natural disasters in the West Black Sea Region of Turkey for many years; therefore Ulus Basin
is selected as a study area for a thorough hydrologic flood analysis. The lack of embankments around the Ulus River and careless
changes to the riverbed made by villagers, resulted in major flood events in the basin, causing significant damage in the
area. In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the basin and the riverbed are determined by calibrating the hydraulic
module of the MIKE 11 modeling system with the observed 1991 flood. Then, for the 25-, 50- and 100-year floods the highest
water levels in the river are forecasted by integration of the MIKE 11 hydrologic and hydraulic modules. Afterwards, inundation
maps are obtained by using together the hydraulic and GIS modules of the MIKE 11 system. 相似文献
396.
Categorical maps, comparisons, and confidence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The comparison of categorical maps is a common problem in several different contexts. Differences between categorical maps can be characterized and measured in a variety of ways. In 2004 we invited individuals from remote sensing, geographical information analysis, spatial modelling, and landscape ecology to participate in a virtual workshop in order to compare strategies for comparison. This revealed that the key dimensions of comparison relate to (1) the map characteristics considered, (2) the nature of the comparison, (3) the handling of geographical space, (4) the units of computed measures, and (5) the tests of significance.Ferko Csillag deceased 相似文献
397.
José Fernando Aceves Quesada Ana Lillian Martin Del Pozzo Jorge López Blanco 《Natural Hazards》2007,41(1):159-180
Nevado de Toluca Volcano (NTV), located in central Mexico, is a large stratovolcano, with an explosive history. The area is
one of the most important developing centers (>2 millions) in Mexico and in the last 30 yrs large population growth and expansion
have increased the potential risk in case of a reactivation of the volcano. As part of a study to assess volcanic risk, this
paper presents the results of the volcanic hazard analysis for the NTV. A total of 150 stratigraphic sections were made in
the field and three new ages were obtained. Eruptions from NTV produced a complex sequence of pyroclastic deposits that have
affected the area at least 18 times during the last 100,000 yrs. Eight vulcanian, four plinian and one-ultraplinian eruptions
as well as the destruction of at least three domes occurred in the last 42,000 yr BP as well as two sector collapses in the
last 100,000 yrs. Isopach and isopleth maps for the main ulraplinian eruption were also made. The original cone height (5,080 m.a.s.l)
was reconstructed through geomorphologic methods. The maximum distance calculated with the energy line for the block and ash
flows was 41 km, 35 km for pumice flows and 45 km for debris avalanches. The dominant wind direction at altitudes of 20–30 km
is to the east-northeast from November to March, west-northwest in April and west from May to October. Five hazards maps (block
and ash flows, pumice flows, ash fall, debris avalanches, and lahars) were made for the NTV. The pyroclastic flows and lahars
represent very high to medium hazard for Toluca, Villa Guerrero, Coatepec, Tianguistengo, Metepec, Tenango, Lerma and Zinacantepec.
A new debris avalanche would probably affect the south and northeast because of active faulting (E–W and NW–SE) and existing
topographic differences in height. 相似文献
398.
The little-known work by Ludwig Heinrich Jeitteles (1830–1883) on the 1858 Žilina strong earthquake in the Carpathian Mountains
is commemorated and analysed. Besides his detailed macroseismic analysis of the earthquake — including the construction of
isoseismal lines according to local macroseismic reports — Jeitteles was the first to superimpose the macroseismic field over
a generalized geological map, which enabled him to describe the earthquake effects in relation to the geological structure
of the affected region. These achievements allow us to acknowledge L.H. Jeitteles as one of founding fathers of seismological
research of midnineteen century. 相似文献
399.
An examination of the characteristics of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits shows that these deposits have many similarities which appear to be structurally controlled. To define the relationship between the ore deposits and these structural conditions, trend-surface analysis using the Precambrian surface as the datum plane was performed within the general Missouri area. Examination of the residual maps prepared from this analysis shows that all the ore deposits have the same spatial relationship to areas of strong residual highs. A more detailed study was conducted in the area of the Viburnum Trend using a datum plane just below the ore horizon. The spatial relationship shown on the Precambrian residual map was even better defined in this study. From this study, it appears that the optimum structural conditions necessary for the deposition of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits exist in regions located next to and slightly downgradient from areas which exceed one positive standard deviation from the trend surface. The methods described in this paper could comprise an extremely useful tool in exploration programs as they can define high probability locations in which to concentrate further exploration efforts.This paper was presented at Symposium 116.3, Quantitative Strategy for Exploration, held as part of the 25th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1976. 相似文献
400.