1:10000地形图航摄成图外业生产关键技术研究

介绍了目前1∶10 000地形图航摄成图的主要技术方案和像控测量的发展,提出了在1∶10 000地形图航摄成图外业生产的技术关键,并结合实际进行了分析、比较与总结。     

Probability maps of landslide reactivation derived from tree-ring records: Pra Bellon landslide, southern French Alps

Probability maps of landslide reactivation are presented for the Pra Bellon landslide located in the southern French Alps based on results obtained with dendrogeomorphic analysis. Spatiotemporal patterns of past landslide activity was derived from tree-ring series of 403 disturbed mountain pine trees growing in the landslide body. In total, 704 growth disturbances were identified in the samples indicating 22 reactivation phases of the landslide body between 1910 and 2011. The mean return period was 4.5 years. Given the spatiotemporal completeness of the reconstruction, probabilities of landslide reactivation were computed and illustrated using a Poisson distribution model and for 5, 20, 50, and 100 years. Probability of landslide reactivation is highest in the central part of the landslide body and increases from 0.13 for a 5-year period to 0.94 for a 100-year period. Conversely, probabilities of reactivation are lower at its margins. The proposed method differs from conventional approaches based on statistical analyses or physical modeling that have demonstrated to have limitations in the prediction of spatiotemporal reactivation of landslides. Our approach is, in contrast, based on extensive data on past landslides and therefore allowed determination of quantitative probability maps of reactivation derived directly from the frequency of past events. This approach is considered a valuable tool for land managers in charge of protecting and forecasting people and their assets from the negative effects of landslides as well as for those responsible for land use planning and management. It demonstrates the reliability of dendrogeomorphic mapping that should be used systematically in forested shallow landslides.     

Minnesota—A Sketch

Abstract

This article reports the results of an exploratory project to determine the abilities of Grade 6 children to work with digital data. The research questions dealt with understanding what is digital data, understanding what is a pixel, and how digital data can be used, making a digital map, and using pixels to determine area on maps. The results of the project showed that the children in this study were able to work with digital data, and that there is potential for using digital data on the Grade 6 level in geography instruction.     

Illustrative Materials for Geography

Abstract

Studies dealing with characteristics of housing and settlement have been based almost entirely on field observation or aerial photographs. However, this report uses information from the Department of Census and Statistics of Ceylon to plot the distribution of dwellings with specific construction material characteristics for Ceylon, thus indicating an aspect of rural housing characteristics and settlement. Use of dwelling construction materials such as mud, clay, stone, brick, cadjan, and thatch can be related to physical characteristics of the area involved, availability of building materials, and level of living and culture of the inhabitants. Cost of construction material must also be considered. If similar housing data, but more complete and of greater scope, were available from the census of every nation, much could be achieved rapidly in the geography of settlement.     

Chinese Items

Abstract

Arroyos and Environmental Change in the American South-West. By Ronald U. Cooke and Richard W. Reeves. Oxford Research Studies in Geography. London and New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1976. Pp. xii + 213, $18.75.

Uganda: The Asian Exiles. By Thomas and Margaret Melady. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1976. Pp. 86, $6.95.

Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth. By David Kornhauser. The World's Landscapes, ed. J. M. Houston. London and New York: Longman, 1976. Pp. xiii + 180, $15.00 and $7.50.

Our Landed Heritage: The Public Domain, 1776–1970. 2nd ed. By Roy M. Robbins. Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1976.

The North American City. By Maurice Yeates and Barry Garner. 2nd ed. New York: Harper &; Row, 1976. Pp. xxv + 512, $13.95.

The Reasons for the Seasons: The Great Cosmic Megagalactic Trip Without Moving from your Chair. By Linda Allison. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Pp. 128, $6.95 and $3.95.     

Prediction of hydrothermal copper, gold, silver and lead-zinc in northwestern Yunnan using weight of evidence model

This paper discusses the application of the model in predicting for hydrothermal Cu, Ag, Au and Pb-Zn occurrences in northwestern Yunnan. Geochemical, lineament and lithology data were the selected recognition criteria. The mentioned criteria varied against 75 known hydrothermal occurrences; the geochemical data had a weight of （W^＋= 1. 209 7, W^- =-0. 748 1） being the maximum among the three and the rest lineament and lithology have （W^＋= 0.7424, W^-= -0.449 6）, （W^＋= 0.378 7,W^-=-0.6243） respectively. The application was successful since the predicted results covers about 70% of the known deposits and predicted unknown areas.     

综合信息矿产资源评价中图库管理系统的开发应用研究

介绍了数据库的基本类型和国内外发展现状,重点论述地学领域的地质、物探、化探(包括重砂)等的数据模型特征;针对资源评价中数据模型的特征和数据流程及内容,设计了具有地学特点的图库管理系统.系统设计采用工程管理的方式管理海量的数据和图形文件,在显示图形的同时,连接Access数据库,用记事本显示其元数据内容,实现管理空间数据库的目的.系统通过目录管理树和文件管理树实现对图形文件的集成管理和显示;通过Accesss数据库实现对元数据的存放及目录树路径的归集统一管理;系统还实现了对图形文件的属性浏览、条件查询以及查看元数据等功能.     

数字地质图核心元数据库管理系统研究

对空间数据元数据库及其管理系统实现方法和技术进行了探讨 ,并以矿产资源勘查评价过程中的数字地质图核心元数据为例 ,开发了基于数据库管理系统技术的空间数据元数据管理工具 ,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。