等高线自动内插关键算法

针对现有规则网格法、三角网法、最大角优先原则法、最近距离法等等高线内插算法的局限性,该文结合数字线划图中离散高程点和高程注记的图式表达特点,提出了距离优先算法和综合匹配法;结合等高线节点分布特征,提出了按节点提取算法和按距离提取算法。通过这些算法的组合应用,解决了等高线自动内插的技术难题,并以此算法为基础开发出了一套成熟的软件,通过广州增城地区1 616km~2地形图编绘和日常工作实践,验证了该算法的适应性和先进性。     

An adaptable equal-area pseudoconic map projection

Equivalence (the equal-area property of a map projection) is important to some categories of maps. However, unlike conformal projections, completely general techniques do not exist for creating new, computationally reasonable equal-area projections. The literature describes many specific equal-area projections and a few equal-area projections that are more or less configurable, but flexibility is still sparse. This work describes a new, highly configurable equal-area projection system consisting of arcs of concentric circles, placing it in the pseudoconic class. The system uses a novel technique to hybridize the Bonne pseudoconic projection and the Albers conic projection, subsuming many existing projections as degenerate cases. With the resulting system and the technique used to develop it, map projection designers will have greater choice in tailoring the projection to the need. The system may be particularly suited to maps that dynamically adapt to changing scale and region of interest, such as required for online maps.     

MAPPING KENTUCKY'S FRONTIER TRAILS THROUGH GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AND CARTOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS*

Historical first‐generation frontier roads in America's trans‐Appalachian West often evolved from buffalo and Indian trails into pioneer routeways such as Daniel Boone's Trace and, eventually, into twentieth‐century hard‐surface highways. Period cartographers found these routes difficult to document accurately, and present‐day scholars often depict them only on small‐scale maps, which simply illustrate connections between origin and destination points. Accurately mapping Kentucky's first‐generation roads at large scale requires detailed site and contextual topographic information over long distances, but historical maps, diaries, surveyors' reports, and other period documents often lack sufficient detail for route‐related sites to support mapping. Use of gis software enables positioning historical routes onto U.S. Geological Survey contour‐ and hill‐shaded base maps by mapping verifiable locations and linking them through interpretation of best‐choice routes that consider frontier migrants' transportation priorities, such as direction, distance, gradient, and land‐surface character.     

Excel与MapGIS结合在地质制图中的应用

采用MapGIS软件绘制地质图件时,经常遇到需要批量输入点线等数据问题,如果直接逐个输入,不但效率低下,且容易输错,利用Excel的编制函数功能编写MapGIS明码文件,来说明如何实现 MapGIS点线文件的批量输入,使地质图件的绘制更加快速、准确、高效。     

MapGIS投影变换在地质基础图件中的应用

地图投影是GIS知识体系的重要组成部分,每个GIS软件都会涉及到该部分知识。MapGIS软件中的投影变换相比国外以及其他的软件更具有针对性,更符合中国的国情。该文以“用户文件投影变换”功能的具体操作为例,介绍其在地质线路图、柱状图中的应用,辅助该功能在投影图及地形地质图中大量钻孔的投入示意图,讲解MapGIS软件在地质基础图件中的应用,就如何利用MapGIS软件增加工作精度节省工作时间进行讨论。     

Cognitive mapping of creative practice: A case study of three English design agencies

This paper examines the relevance of causal mapping - essentially a form of visual aid to enhance our understanding of the thoughts of an individual, group or organisation - as a means of analysing innovation and creativity within English design agencies. Focussing upon successful design contracts in three selected case studies, the discussion considers how far cognitive mapping can be used to understand the relations between design practices, firm routines and conventions, and the local creative milieu. The paper argues that cognitive mapping confirms the value of a situated learning perspective in which knowledge is inseparable from practice. It reveals that successful design is based on deliberate practices pertaining to relationships with clients, group dynamics, and team collaboration within the design consultancy. These practices narrow uncertainty and allow designers to exercise imagination and creative brokering. Whilst cognitive mapping can be a useful heuristic tool, the analysis suggests that it is limited as a means to unravelling tacit knowledge.     

A Map for a Group of Resonant Cases in a quartic Galactic Hamiltonian

We present a map for the study of resonant motion in a potential made up of two harmonic oscillators with quartic perturbing terms. This potential can be considered to describe motion in the central parts of non-rotating elliptical galaxies. The map is based on the averaged Hamiltonian. Adding on a semi-empirical basis suitable terms in the unperturbed averaged Hamiltonian, corresponding to the 1:1 resonant case, we are able to construct a map describing motion in several resonant cases. The map is used in order to find thex − p _x Poincare phase plane for each resonance. Comparing the results of the map, with those obtained by numerical integration of the equation of motion, we observe, that the map describes satisfactorily the broad features of orbits in all studied cases for regular motion. There are cases where the map describes satisfactorily the properties of the chaotic orbits as well.     

基于ArcGIS的土地利用现状地图缩编方法研究

采用陕西省凤县二调1∶1万土地利用数据库作为实验数据,将ArcGIS9.2的自动制图综合功能与人工处理相结合,制作1∶5万凤县土地利用现状图.文章提出的制作过程具有简单,成图速度快,且成图质量较高等优点.     

多尺度地图的水系面目标与线目标匹配方法与实验

目标匹配是实现多比例尺地图数据变化探测和更新的一个关键技术,它是依据几何、拓扑、语义等来进行判断的。同一地物在多比例尺地图中表达方式各异,甚至差异很大,可将较大比例尺面目标与较小比例尺线目标间的匹配模式归纳为6种：1∶0、1∶1、0∶1、1∶M、N∶1和N∶M。本文通过计算较小比例尺线目标的最小约束矩形(简记为MBR)...     

城市社区微观空间意象研究——基于南京居民250份手绘草图的比较

选取南京封闭社区与开放社区相互邻近的4个对比组共8个居住社区,对其居民的社会属性、生活习惯和社区空间感知特征进行了问卷调查,并从250份手绘草图中提取和统计相关数据,据此分析城市居民社区空间意象地图的主要类型与构成要素.研究发现,居民的社会属性是影响人们社区空间意象的决定性因素,性别、年龄、收入和居住时间的差异导致居民...