The next step in shallow coral reef monitoring: Combining remote sensing and in situ approaches

Most current coral reef management is supported by mapping and monitoring limited in record length and spatial extent. These deficiencies were addressed in a multidisciplinary study of cyclone impacts on Aboré Reef, New-Caledonia. Local knowledge, high thematic-resolution maps, and time-series satellite imagery complemented classical in situ monitoring methods. Field survey stations were selected from examination of pre- and post-cyclone images and their post-cyclone coral communities documented in terms of substrata, coral morphologies, live coral cover, and taxonomy. Time-series maps of hierarchically defined coral communities created at spatial scales documenting the variability among communities (29-45 classes) and suggesting the processes that affected them. The increased spatial coverage and repeatability of this approach significantly improved the recognition and interpretation of coral communities’ spatio-temporal variability. It identified precise locations of impacted areas and those exhibiting coral recovery and resilience. The approach provides a comprehensive suite of information on which to base reef-scale conservation actions.     

基于残余岩溶强度表征和裂缝预测的碳酸盐岩储层评价——以塔中西部上奥陶统良里塔格组为例

我国目前在碳酸盐岩油气勘探阶段常用的储层分类评价标准已难以满足溶蚀孔洞缝广泛存在及构造裂缝发育的古岩溶储层评价的实际需要。选择塔中西部上奥陶统良里塔格组古岩溶储层, 在系统分析储层特征的基础上, 通过表征残余岩溶和开展构造裂缝预测, 引入残余岩溶强度(R)和岩体破坏接近度系数(η)2个参数, 作为古岩溶储层评价的重要定量指标;并与多项储层地质参数综合, 进一步完善了碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层的分类评价标准, 并用于对该地区良里塔格组叠加型古岩溶储层的评价预测。将本区良里塔格组古岩溶储层划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4类, 并应用多因素综合分析叠合成图法在平面上进行储层评价预测, 认为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层主要分布于S2井TZ45井TZ12井一带和 Z11井TZ10井TZ11井一带。     

Perception of flood risk in Danube Delta,Romania

For exposed and vulnerable communities, the perception of natural risk is an essential link in the analysis of man–environment coping relationship and also an important parameter in the quantification of complex vulnerability as a central predictive variable in the risk equation. The topic of flood risk in related perception is of considerable interest, as some recently published papers have proven (Messner and Meyer 2005, 2006; Raaijmakers et al. 2008). The aim of the current study is to reveal the conscious and unconscious attitudes towards the flood risk for the inhabitants of the Danube Delta/Romania. These attitudes, defined by different degrees of psychological vulnerability, represent the background for a series of psycho-behavioural patterns that generate certain adjustment mechanisms and strategies. Application of a specially designed questionnaire and the statistical analysis of the results revealed two psychological factors as essential in establishing the psychosocial vulnerability degree of the interviewed subjects: (i) an internal control factor and (ii) an external control factor. The persons characterized by inner control have a significantly reduced general anxiety level in comparison to individuals with the control factor placed externally. As confidence diminishes, it increases the tendency of the individual to rely on the external factors for support and security. The lack of resources (indicating lower resilience) and mistrust in the support given emphasizes non-adaptive behaviours.

MAPS AND METAPHORS OF THE “SMALL EASTERN SEA” IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN (1603–1868)*

ABSTRACT. This article examines the ways in which oceans were depicted in Japanese geographical writings and maps from the Tokugawa period. It uses these texts to understand how early modern Japanese visions of the Pacific and of maritime Asian waters constructed epistemological frameworks through which the Japanese saw their place in an increasingly complex web of regional and global connections. In the absence of actual adventure on the “high seas,” Japanese writers, artists, and mapmakers used the inventive power of the imagination to fill in the cognitive blank of ocean space. I argue that the definition of early modern oceanic space was profoundly ambiguous, a legacy that, it can be argued, left its mark on Japan's modern relationship with the Asian Pacific region.     

电子地图的空间认知研究

电子地图的空间认知研究是地图空间认知理论的重要研究内容。本文首先介绍了电子地图的概念与特点,分析了电子地图空间认知研究的必要性。在此基础上,探讨了电子地图空间认知研究的特点及主要内容。认为电子地图的空间认知研究具有内容更广泛、形式更复杂、实验难度更大等特点,电子地图空间认知的核心内容是从不同的电子地图上建立心象地图的过程及不同空间认知能力的用户在使用电子地图时的思维过程、认知策略的研究。     

面向海陆统筹的综合航海地图集基础地理框架构建

设计和编制海陆统筹的综合航海地图集服务于国家“构建海洋命运共同体”发展目标,同时也是促进海陆文化共融和海陆睦邻合作的重要推力,在当前地图学领域受到普遍关注。本文通过与航海专题图、陆地专题图的对比分析,从地图选题、比例尺、投影、地理分幅等方面探讨了海陆统筹地图集的表达特点,并从海陆并蓄视角出发,提出综合航海地图集基础地理框架的内容体系和构建策略。在此基础上,结合《世界航海地图集》的编制实践设计了其基础地理框架的具体建立方案：(1)中小比例尺地图使用WGS84坐标系,较大比例尺地图使用CGCS2000坐标系;(2)根据专题内容、制图区域、变形需要,制图单元可以使用等差分纬线多圆锥、墨卡托、古德等多种投影;(3)地理底图分为世界地图、典型区域地图、陆地地图、海域地图、航区地图、港口地图6种图型,其系列比例尺内容需按一定规则进行取舍和化简派生得到;(4)地图制图单元采用北方定向,联合地理分幅和地图分幅可生成灵活的图面布局。世界航海专题图集的编制实践表明,应用本文建立的基础地理框架能较好实现海洋与陆地的协调统一表达。     

DEM精度检查中等高线回放的量化方法

目前数字高程模型(DEM)精度检查中广泛采用等高线回放方法,以目视检查方式进行,定性为主。基于集合论引进了一种量化方法,即层次等高线差异栅格分析法,用于描述等高线回放的平面位置变形量。实验证明此方法不仅可视化效果好,其量化指标有助于定位DEM误差,包括粗差;也适合对不同DEM内插方法精度评定的对比分析。     

铀矿区化探资料计算机处理及成图

铀矿区化探资料计算机处理及其彩色等值图绘制软件,是应用了测量学、函数逼近论和计算机绘图等学科的有关理论完成的。绘图工作是在超级小型机PE-3230和静电彩色绘图仪ECP-42上进行的。根据需要,目前已开发了绘制1:20万和1:5万二种比例尺标准图幅的软件。当用户给出测区左下角的经纬度值后,本程序便能自动进行图廓整饰自动化(绘出方里网并写出其经纬度值)。在绘制彩色图时,由于应用了保凸拟合方法,使得图形色区各边界的一阶导数连续可微,从而达到边界线光滑的要求。图件的图名、接图表及其它注释均用中文标出。     

生态地质调查工程进展与主要成果

为全面支撑山水林田湖草整体保护、系统修复和综合治理,中国地质调查局部署了"生态地质调查工程".该工程自2019年以来,以地球系统科学理论为指导,重点开展了我国北方林草湿分布区1:50万生态地质调查以及黄河源区、大凉山区等重点生态功能区1:5万生态地质调查,采用"空-天-地"一体化调查技术,获取了不同尺度森林、草原、湿地...     

基于跟踪调查的北京城市空间感知研究——以中国科学院大学硕士研究生为例

城市空间感知是行为地理学的经典研究课题,论文采用认知地图并辅以问卷调查方法,在一年时间内跟踪调查中国科学院大学雁栖湖校区2017级硕士研究生,根据手绘地图分析中国科学院大学(国科大)硕士研究生城市空间感知的过程与特征。结果表明：① 有别于凯文·林奇(K. Lynch)的空间意象5大要素,国科大研究生手绘地图的基本要素主要为标志物、节点、道路,其中标志物占主导地位;② 根据要素组合特征,可将认知地图划分为散点型、过渡型和拓扑型3类,散点型地图占据绝对数量优势,随驻留北京时间延长,认知地图结构渐趋复杂;③ 国科大研究生北京城市空间感知表现出偏好特殊性、空间非均衡性、个体差异性、感知过程不完整性等特点;④ 远距离感知、城市空间尺度大、受访者逗留时间短等主客观因素制约了北京城市整体可意象性。