下寺湾油田柳洛峪地区长8储层配伍性实验研究

柳洛峪地区长8地层水属CaCl2型,地层结垢伤害主要为BaSO4垢引起。注入水为长2地层水,水型及组成与长8地层水类似。配伍实验结果表明:单一水样在不同温度和压力下表现为随着温度、压力的升高,出现CaCO3结垢趋势变大,而BaSO4结垢趋势减弱。注入水与磨碎的岩心混合后生成的白色沉淀物主要为BaSO4和CaCO3。不同比例混配水样实验结果显示,提高注入水的比例可以有效地减少混合液产生的沉淀量。同时,随着注入水的不断注入,岩心渗透率变化较小,表明混配水几乎不会对储层造成伤害。     

济南四大泉群附近补给路径及补给比例研究

济南地区岩溶大泉是集供水、旅游、生态等功能于一体的重要自然资源,但随着经济社会的快速发展,人类活动影响不断增强,各岩溶大泉受到水质劣化、流量衰减的威胁。为了明确济南四大泉群附近主要补给路径,更加科学合理的保护泉水资源,文章采用流速流向定量分析、地下水流场分析、水化学同位素分析、聚类分析、三端元混合比计算等研究方法,分析了济南四大泉群主要补给路径,定量计算了各泉群补给路径贡献比例。研究表明,四大泉群的主要补给路径可划分为西部、南部、东南部补给路径,每个泉群受到不同补给路径的混合补给作用,其中趵突泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭、珍珠泉泉群的主要补给来源分别为南部补给路径（流量占比40.21%）、东南部补给路径（流量占比47.42%）、西部补给路径（流量占比47.13%）、南部补给路径（流量占比51.04%）,研究工作可为我国北方岩溶大泉成因机制和生态保护提供参考。     

Relative dispersion in the Liguro-Provençal basin: From sub-mesoscale to mesoscale

Relative dispersion in the Liguro-Provençal basin (a subregion of the Mediterranean Sea) is investigated using clusters of surface drifters deployed during two Marine Rapid Environment Assessment (MREA) experiments covering different months in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The clusters have initial radii of less than 1 km, or an order of magnitude below a typical deformation radius (approximately 10-20 km). The data set consists of 45 original pairs and more than 50 total pairs (including chance ones) in the spatial range between 1 and 200 km. Relative dispersion is estimated using the mean square separation of particle pairs and the Finite Scale Lyapunov Exponents (FSLEs). The two metrics show broadly consistent results, indicating in particular a clear exponential behaviour with an e-folding time scale between 0.5 and 1 days, or Lyapunov exponent ?? in the range of 0.7-1 days⁻¹. The exponential phase extends for 4-7 days in time and between 1 and 10-20 km in separation space. To our knowledge, this is only the third time that an exponential regime is observed in the world ocean from drifter data. This result suggests that relative dispersion in the Liguro-Provençal basin is nonlocal, namely controlled mainly by mesoscale dynamics, and that the effects of the sub-mesoscale motions are negligible in comparison. NCOM model results are used to complement the data and to quantify errors arising from the sparse sampling in the observations.     

京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生──I．P波速度结构

用１９８４－１９９１年发生在京津唐地区（３７°－４１°Ｎ,１１２．５°－１２０°Ｅ）的２５０５个地震的２２２３４条Ｐ波到时进行的层析成像,揭示了地震活动性与速度图像间的联系：１．公元１０００年以来该区强震震中在上地壳的投影大多分布在高速块体内或高速块体与低速块体相交地带,偏高速体的一侧．２．唐山地震和三河－平谷地震所处的构造背景相似,均未依傍大断层,处在介质速度变化剧烈部位．３．宁河与唐山、滦县分别位于规模大小、位置深浅不同的两个不同的高速块体处,可以解释唐山地震序列震源深度分布东北浅西南深的总体特征．４．唐山地震可能是由一条北西向的地下隐伏断层扩展的结果．     

青藏高原均衡场与非潮汐重力测量

根据已有资料与1°×1°平均布格异常和1°×1°平均地形高,计算出青藏高原均衡异常场。     

Neural network modelling of planform geometry of headland-bay beaches

The shoreline of beaches in the lee of coastal salients or man-made structures, usually known as headland-bay beaches, has a distinctive curvature; wave fronts curve as a result of wave diffraction at the headland and in turn cause the shoreline to bend. The ensuing curved planform is of great interest both as a peculiar landform and in the context of engineering projects in which it is necessary to predict how a coastal structure will affect the sandy shoreline in its lee. A number of empirical models have been put forward, each based on a specific equation. A novel approach, based on the application of artificial neural networks, is presented in this work. Unlike the conventional method, no particular equation of the planform is embedded in the model. Instead, it is the model itself that learns about the problem from a series of examples of headland-bay beaches (the training set) and thereafter applies this self-acquired knowledge to other cases (the test set) for validation. Twenty-three headland-bay beaches from around the world were selected, of which sixteen and seven make up the training and test sets, respectively. As there is no well-developed theory for deciding upon the most convenient neural network architecture to deal with a particular data set, an experimental study was conducted in which ten different architectures with one and two hidden neuron layers and five training algorithms – 50 different options combining network architecture and training algorithm – were compared. Each of these options was implemented, trained and tested in order to find the best-performing approach for modelling the planform of headland-bay beaches. Finally, the selected neural network model was compared with a state-of-the-art planform model and was shown to outperform it.     

Stochastic model-based methods for handling uncertainty in areal interpolation

Handling of uncertainty in the estimation of values from source areas to target areas poses a challenge in areal interpolation research. Stochastic model-based methods offer a basis for incorporating such uncertainty, but to date they have not been widely adopted by the GIS community. In this article, we propose one use of such methods based in the problem of interpolating count data from a source set of zones (parishes) to a more widely used target zone geography (postcode sectors). The model developed also uses ancillary statistical count data for a third set of areas nested within both source and target zones. The interpolation procedure was implemented within a Bayesian statistical framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, enabling us to take account of all sources of uncertainty included in the model. Distributions of estimated values at the target zone level are presented using both summary statistics and as individual realisations selected to illustrate the degree of uncertainty in the interpolation results. We aim to describe the use of such stochastic approaches in an accessible way and to highlight the need for quantifying estimation uncertainty arising in areal interpolation, especially given the implications arising when interpolated values are used in subsequent analyses of relationships.     

云南富宁地区泥盆系—石炭系界线碳、氧同位素特征及对海平面变化的响应

右江盆地沉积连续的泥盆纪—石炭纪岩石地层,是中国泥盆纪与石炭纪之交Hangenberg生物大灭绝事件的重点研究区域。选取右江盆地西缘云南富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层,在岩石地层学研究的基础上对碳酸盐岩进行系统的碳、氧同位素组成研究。富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层存在不同幅度的δ13C、δ18O负向偏移,尤其在泥盆系—石炭系界线附近负偏移明显,δ13C、δ18O值偏移层位与层序地层学转换及古生物灭绝事件发生层位一致,反映了晚泥盆世法门期海平面下降和早石炭世的海侵事件。研究区泥盆系—石炭系界线附近δ13C值负偏趋势与右江盆地内δ13C值演化偏移相似,华南其他典型剖面δ13C值亦呈现不同幅度的负向偏移,泥盆纪与石炭纪之交的碳同位素演化序列与欧洲、北美地区δ13C值负向偏移反映的海平面下降事件一致,具全球性对比意义。     

大洋洲地区矿产地数据库建设

依据数据库建库标准、建库流程、数据质量控制措施等方法和流程,构建了大洋洲地区铁、锰、铜、铝、金、镍、铀、稀土元素矿产地数据库。通过对矿产地数据特征与地学多源信息的综合分析,总结区域成矿规律,提供了矿产资源预测的基础数据。形成的数据库管理系统对资料管理、查询、利用更方便,表达更直观,分析和总结更有效。     

西藏仲巴地区曲嘎组的拆解

根据1∶5万仲巴地区区域地质调查,对雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段夹持于2套混杂岩之间的仲巴微地体原二叠系曲嘎组进行了拆解。研究认为：①原曲嘎组可以解体为3套地层,分别是下古生界的奥陶系—志留系紫曲浦群、上古生界泥盆系纳登尔组和石炭系—二叠系曲嘎群,新建曲嘎群与原曲嘎组没有直接对应或者级别关系;②紫曲浦群以变质碳酸盐岩为主,下部紫曲电站组为紫红色、灰色大理岩与结晶灰岩组合,属中—晚奥陶世,上部紫曲石组以紫红色大理岩为特征,暂归志留纪;③纳登尔组由一套灰色千枚状板岩和钙质片岩组成,上部结晶灰岩增多,时代为泥盆纪,可归属马攸木群;④曲嘎群可划分为3个组：岗珠淌组,以灰色、灰绿色板岩、粉砂岩为主,向上砂岩和灰岩增多,属于石炭纪—早二叠世（乌拉尔世）早期;仲巴组,以肉红色灰质晶粒白云岩及杂色生物屑云质灰岩为特点,分为2个岩性段,属于早—中二叠世（乌拉尔世—瓜德鲁普世早中期）;卡扎勒组以深灰色钙质板岩为主或夹结晶灰岩和砂岩或互层,属于中—晚二叠世（瓜德鲁普世—乐平世）;⑤仲巴地区曲嘎组的拆解在仲巴微地体西部和老仲巴以东的应用有待证实,其在岩性上与相邻地体同期地层有较大差别,但在生物群组成方面具有相似性。