海峡西岸城市群旅游经济网络演化的动力机制与因果组合配置

以海峡西岸城市群为例,通过修正引力模型构建旅游经济网络,依托“增长极”理论,运用QAP和地理探测器分析方法,探讨旅游经济网络驱动因素,并运用fsQCA方法探讨其因果组合配置策略。结果如下：(1)海峡西岸城市群旅游经济网络空间结构呈东部沿海地区网络相对密集、中西部网络稀疏特征。(2)地区经济水平、对外开放程度是其核心驱动因素;各影响因子对促进旅游经济空间发展的影响强度均较高。(3)地理探测器分析结果显示,各影响因素在旅游经济网络系统中处相对优势地位,旅游经济空间发展核心驱动因素明显,其中,以地区GDP、对外开放程度最为突出,这也体现为旅游需求不断提升以及旅游供给向高质量方向发展的趋势。研究最终识别出两种因果组合配置方案。本研究有助于实现区域旅游经济空间发展优化及管理。     

Seasonal phytoplankton composition, productivity and biomass in the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina

Phytoplankton community composition, productivity and biomass characteristics of the mesohaline lower Neuse River estuary were assessed monthly from May 1988 to February 1990. An incubation method which considered water-column mixing and variable light exposure was used to determine phytoplankton primary productivity. The summer productivity peaks in this shallow estuary were stimulated by increases in irradiance and temperature. However, dissolved inorganic nitrogen loading was the major factor controlling ultimate yearly production. Dynamic, unpredictable rainfall events determined magnitudes of seasonal production pulses through nitrogen loading, and helped determine phytoplankton species composition. Dinoflagellates occasionally bloomed but were otherwise present in moderate numbers; rainfall events produced large pulses of cryptomonads, and dry seasons and subsequent higher salinity led to dominance by small centric diatoms. Daily production was strongly correlated (r = 0·82) with nitrate concentration and inversely correlated (r = −0·73) with salinity, while nitrate and salinity were inversely correlated (r = −0·71), emphasizing the importance of freshwater input as a nutrient-loading source to the lower estuary. During 1989 mean daily areal phytoplankton production was 938 mgC m⁻², mean chlorophyll a was 11·8 mg m⁻³, and mean phytoplankton density was 1·56 × 10³ cells ml⁻¹. Estimated 1989 annual areal phytoplankton production for the lower estuary was 343 gC m⁻².     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹资源的评估

以1971—1987年的蓝圆鲹叉长组成资料,应用体长股分析法评估了闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹的资源。结果表明,1971—1980年的现存资源数量和生物量分别为45292×10~5尾和9.49×10~4t,1981—1987年分别为63908×10~5尾和13.51×10~4t;1971—1980年和1981—1987年的瞬时捕捞死亡率分别为0.6347和0.4859。通过Beverton-Holt模式估算出蓝圆鲹目前的持续产量为9.58×10~4t,最佳最小捕捞叉长为135mm。     

经济区背景下福建城市集群化战略构想

基于经济区背景下城市区域竞争单元的思考，分析了福建城市发展的现状特点，探讨了在海峡西岸经济崛起过程中福建城市集群化的战略构想；最后，指出城市集群化战略在经济区建设中的重要性。     

冬春季江苏沿海大风的特征

利用江苏2005-2006年460个自动站和加密站的风速资料,分析了2005-2006年冬春季发生的大风过程,研究发现冬春季沿海大风多由强冷空气引发,并具有一定的间断性、持续性、突发性和阵性特点,并对典型过程的阵性特征进行了分析.发现冷空气的入侵促使地面风场发展,大风u、v分量的变化与旋转系数具有很好的相关性,旋转系数的逐时波动与v分量的波动基本呈同位相变化趋势,而其与u分量的波动则有反位相关系;在冷空气影响前后,这样的相关特征始终维持.     

Water masses in Thermaicos Gulf,north-western Aegean Sea

Physical oceanographic data were collected during September 1975 at stations in the shallow water (max. depth 45 m) embayments of Salonica Bay and Thermaicos Gulf, and comparisons are made with data collected during other seasons. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the water column indicated the following features: fresh surface water predominantly related to river discharge; an intermediate water mass, apparently formed by mixing between the fresh and open sea waters; a thermocline, and deep bottom water open sea characteristics. The summer distribution of density in the surface and bottom waters, and the seasonal variation in the pattern of surface salinity, suggested an anti-clockwise water circulation throughout the embayments.     

Extreme Sea Levels Associated With Severe Tropical Cyclones Hitting Orissa Coast of India

Extreme sea levels associated with severe cyclonic storms are common occurrences along the east coast of India. The coastal districts of Orissa have experienced major surges in the past. The recent Paradip super cyclone is one of the most severe cyclones, causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. Extreme sea levels are major causes for coastal flooding in this region. Damages can be minimized if the extreme sea levels are forecast well in advance. In the present study, we develop a location specific, fine resolution model for the Orissa coast on the lines similar to that of IIT-D storm surge model (Dube et al. 1994). The model runs on a personal computer. The bathymetry for the model is extracted from very fine resolution naval hydrographic charts for the region extending from the south of Orissa to south of West Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea surface elevations. An attempt was made in this study to simulate extreme sea levels along the Orissa coast using the data of past severe cyclones. The model results reported in the present study are in good agreement with available observations or estimates.     

沉积过程分形表达及其冲淤幅度分析应用

根据１９８２－１９９５年在浙江沿岸椒江口、杭州湾、象山县大目涂取得的沉积柱样层序数据系列和重复沉积界面测量序列,利用分形理论进行沉积过程及冲淤幅度的分析。沉积过程和沉积地层层序存在自相似结构,两者之间在无特征尺度区存在着初始值以及分数维的传递。椒江河口和杭州湾南侧潮汐通道边坡沉积柱样泥层工的分数维在１．２－１．５之间。按潮汐沉积基本单元形成的时间为大小潮周期计算,沉积过程１年重现期的高程均方变幅为     

西北特殊地形与沙尘暴发生的关系探讨

应用西北地区沙尘暴多发区中心站和毗邻站1961-1999年沙尘暴日数、大风日数和降水资料, 参考相应地区的地形和地表覆盖资料, 结合卫星资料监测事实, 分析了沙尘暴中心站沙尘暴高发以及毗邻站沙尘暴发生较少的原因, 探讨了地形与沙尘暴发生的关系。结果表明: ①沙尘暴中心站沙尘暴高发是地表状况、大风和地形共同作用的结果, 而沙尘暴毗邻站沙尘暴较少的主要原因为沙源与大风不匹配; ②地形对沙尘暴发生有重要作用, 干燥的下垫面产生的热力不稳定和特殊地形产生的气流加速和抬升作用, 对局地沙尘暴的形成和强沙尘暴的触发有重要作用; ③大风和降水的配置对沙尘暴发生有一定影响, 大风日数多且降水较少的时段为沙尘暴的高发期, 随着雨季的到来, 沙尘暴日数明显下降; ④下垫面与沙尘暴发生关系密切, 戈壁地表不利于沙尘暴的发生, 植被覆盖度的增加对沙尘暴有明显的抑制作用。     

新疆近20a风灾研究

风灾是新疆的主要气象灾害之一。新疆风灾每年平均造成24亿元的经济损失。依据大风对农牧业所造成的灾害事件的损失,对风灾时空变化进行评估,其重要意义在于给出了描述大风灾害损失等级划分的量化标准。研究得出:新疆风灾可比损失值随着工农业生产总值的增长而增加,而且增长速度比经济增长速度快;阿克苏、喀什风灾次数较多,强度最大,巴州重大风灾受灾次数最多,是风灾防范和灾后救助的重点地区,和田、吐鲁番因次数较多,强度较大,哈密强度较大,是风灾防范和灾后救助的次重点地区;风灾在作物生长和收获的季节4、5、6、8月份危害最大;建议增加防治风灾投入,改善生态环境,加快退耕还林、退耕还草进程,把阿克苏、喀什、巴州等作为风灾重点防范区,和田、吐鲁番、哈密作为风灾防范和灾后救助的次重点地区,4、5、6、8月份作为重点防范季节。