泰来县近61 a大风日数及风速变化特征分析

本文利用统计分析法、线性趋势分析法等方法对泰来县国家基本气象站近61a(1958-2108年)大风观测资料进行统计分析,分别分析了大风日数与风速的年际、季节、月度的变化特征。结果表明:近61a来,年际大风日数整体呈波动下降趋势,下降倾向率1.8d/10a;春季大风日数最多,占全年的66%,且月平均风速在4月也为全年最大值4.7m/s;年平均风速呈现与大风日数相似的波动下降趋势,1987年之前偏大,2001年之后逐渐减小,直至2010年后逐步稳定在3.1m/s左右;各季节平均风速表现为春季>秋季>冬季>夏季。     

2018年冬季海洋天气评述

2018年冬季（2018年12月—2019年2月）大气环流特征为：北半球极涡呈单极型分布,主体位于北冰洋上空偏向亚欧大陆一侧。12月,亚洲中东部中高纬环流经向度较大,利于冷空气南下;2019年1—2月,环流经向度减小,中高纬地区以纬向环流为主,冷空气势力减弱,东部及南部海区海雾过程增多。我国近海出现了17次8级以上大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程有13次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程有2次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风过程有1次, 温带气旋大风过程有1次。我国近海浪高在2 m以上的海浪过程有14次,2 m以上大浪的天数共计64 d。冬季共有10次比较明显的海雾过程,多在北部湾附近海域,出雾时间集中于夜间至早晨。南北海域海面温度之差为21～28 ℃,海面温度整体呈下降趋势。西北太平洋和南海有3个热带气旋活动。     

2019年5月大气环流和天气分析

2019年5月大气环流呈偶极型分布,加拿大北部极涡偏强,新地岛以南极涡变化不显著,中高纬环流呈四波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度与常年相当,南支槽较常年偏弱。5月全国平均气温为16.2℃,接近常年同期,月内气温波动较大,云南平均气温达到1961年以来最高。全国降水量为69.5 mm,与常年同期相当。月内我国共出现7次区域性暴雨天气过程,北京出现罕见冰雹和雷暴大风等强对流天气,江淮、黄淮和云南等地出现中到重度干旱,北方地区有4次沙尘天气过程。     

南极中山站附近地表大风的统计特征研究

利用近20 a的ERA5再分析资料研究了南极中山站附近的大风和极端大风事件的统计与环流特征。结果表明，春季大风事件的发生频次最高，夏季最少；冬季大风事件的平均持续时间最长，夏季最短；但大风事件的平均强度无明显季节变化。极端大风事件的发生频次具有显著的季节差异，冬季发生频次约为夏季的6倍、春秋的2倍，但平均持续时间和强度无明显季节变化。大风发生期间，南极对流层上层为单一极涡控制。在对流层中层，中低纬暖湿气流的向极入侵使得极涡破碎分裂，在中山站东侧产生高压脊，脊前冷空气下沉在地表堆积形成冷高压反气旋，其偏东气流在地形下坡风的作用下产生大风事件。上述环流特征在冬季最强、夏季最弱，从而导致大风事件的季节变化。     

Subsurface geology of Louisiana hazardous waste landfills: A case study

Many hazardous waste sites in the south Louisiana Gulf Coast have been emplaced in sediments of Plio-Pleistocene to Recent age. Because of the fining upward nature of these regressive-transgressive fluvial-deltaic sequences and the purported confining capabilities of the shallow clay layers within them, this area would seem to be ideal for the location of surface waste landfills. However, detailed geologic mapping at a site in southeastern Louisiana documents how the three-dimensional distribution of sediment types and early diagenetic features, both of which were ultimately controlled by depositional history, can increase effective vertical permeability of finegrained sequences. Many bodies of sand that appear to be isolated in standard geotechnical cross sections can be shown to be part of spatially complex three-dimensional distributary networks, with fine-grained sediments representing overbank and backswamp deposits. Some clay layers are actually a composite of thinner clay beds, each subjected to subaerial exposure and the development of secondary porosity related to soil formation. There has been documented leakage of wastes down through the clays, and a recent study indicates that the effective vertical hydraulic conductivity of the clay layers exceeds 10^–5 cm s^–1, or from one to four orders of magnitude higher than values measured on samples from cores of the same sediment. An understanding of the depositional framework, facies architecture, and diagenetic history of geologic materials underlying waste disposal sites in Louisiana is required for rational development of monitoring and remediation plans.     

大风精细化预报及对动车安全影响

以2014—2017年新疆铁路强风区逐小时风速监测资料为基础,开展了基于EC细网格二次建模和上游指标站2种大风精细化预报方法研究,结合铁路部门、科研院所、气象部门联合在新疆开展的11次大风环境下动车组行车安全试验,建立起一套将大风精细化预报和大风环境下动车安全试验紧密结合的服务应用模式,该模式在兰新客专线大风条件下动车组行车安全试验的前期准备、进度安排、试验计划修订以及现场运行试验的全过程中起到了关键决策作用,也可满足行车调度和防灾应急指挥对气象信息的特殊需求。     

洱海盆地一次冬季大风演变特征及其机制模拟分析

利用WRF模式耦合Noah陆面模式和CLM湖泊模式,对2015年1月23日大理地区洱海盆地的大风天气进行模拟,对大风的发展期、强盛期和减弱期的三维动力热力结构特征进行分析,并得出了洱海盆地大风形成机制:在洱海盆地大风发展期,高空以西风为主,盆地中部上空1km高度处出现局地小气旋,地面以偏东风为主,高空偏西气流翻越苍山形成波动扰动,在背风坡侧形成空腔区和二次涡,低层形成了波不稳定区域,波不稳定区域发生波破碎,波破碎区域湍流运动活跃,把上层的能量往下传播。大风强盛期,盆地南北侧高空为两支西风气流控制,中部变为弱的辐散场,造成高空扰动,苍山东侧近地面浅薄逆温层消失,低空逆温层之上温度廓线几乎垂直上升,大气层结处于不稳定状态,有利于高空动量向下输送。大风减弱期,高空西风减弱,扰动消失,湍流动能耗散,地面风速逐渐减小。     

中国潮汐汉道研究的进展

潮汐汊道（ｔｉｄａｌｉｎｌｅｔ）是一种重要的海岸类型。本世纪７０年代，在欧美等国成为研究热点。８０年代，我国不少海岸学家加入这一研究行列。分析了潮汐汊道及其与其它潮汐海岸类型如潮汐河口、潮流冲刷槽等在学术概念上的差异与重合，评述了中国潮汐汊道研究的进展，重点介绍有代表性的研究成果，提出了今后我国应优先研究的主要课题。     

Possible geothermal resources in the Coast Plutonic Complex of southern British Columbia,Canada

In southern British Columbia the terrestrial heat flow is low (44 mW m^–2) to the west of the Coast Plutonic Complex (CPC), average in CPC (50–60 mW m^–2),and high to the east(80–90 mW m^–2). The average heat flow in CPC and the low heat generation (less than 1 W m^–3) indicate that a relatively large amount of heat flows upwards into the crust which is generally quite cool. Until two million years ago the Explorer plate underthrust this part of the American plate, carrying crustal material into the mantle. Melted crustal rocks have produced the inland Pemberton and Garibaldi volcanic belts in the CPC.Meager Mountain, a volcanic complex in the CPC 150 km north of Vancouver, is a possible geothermal energy resource. It is the product of intermittent activity over a period of 4 My, the most recent eruption being the Bridge River Ash 2440 y B.P. The original explosive eruption produced extensive fracturing in the granitic basement, and a basal explosion breccia from the surface of a cold brittle crust. This breccia may be a geothermal reservoir. Other volcanic complexes in the CPC have a similar potential for geothermal energy.Earth Physics Contribution No. 704.