秦皇岛一次飑线冰雹天气分析

利用常规探测资料、自动站观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料等对2014年6月26日发生在秦皇岛市的一次飑线冰雹天气过程大尺度环流背景、雷达回波特征及灾害性冰雹大风形成原因进行了分析。结果表明:本次飑线过程是受高空冷涡后部冷空气、低层暖切变共同作用的结果;飑线过境前后,气象要素变化比较明显,风向突变、风力猛增、气压涌升、气温急降、相对湿度上升;本次强风暴影响系统尺度为中α尺度,"弓"形回波结构明显,同时有雷暴出流边界;速度图上的风速大值区、后侧入流、中低层径向辐合及垂直风廓线图中低层风的转变信息等对大风的预警有明显的预示作用,且从雷达四维变分分析可知850 h Pa辐合上升运动较强,中层有干冷空气入侵;回波垂直剖面图上飑线前沿低层存在有界弱回波区,中高层有回波悬垂。     

海平面上升的海岸形态响应研究方法与进展

海岸带是人口最稠密的地带,全世界几乎一半的人口生活在沿海地区[1](根据UNCEDDE的定义,以距海岸线150 km计)。受全球变化,尤其是21世纪海平面加速上升的影响,海岸将发生复杂的形态响应过程,包括海岸侵蚀、滩地淹没和湿地沉积平衡的调整等,从而危害人类的生存和发展,引起世界沿海各国政府和科学界的广泛关注。从海平面上升海岸响应历史记录研究、海岸均衡剖面研究和形态响应模拟研究三个方面概述了海平面上升海岸形态响应的国内外研究进展,并对各种研究方法的适用范围、优点及局限性进行了讨论。     

粤琼“老红砂”的岩矿特征与成因研究

通过野外剖面观察,室内岩矿和沉积学分析,热释光测年分析等,认为粤琼等四纪老红砂为晚更新世晚期海岸风沙作用的产物,其物质来源于邻近的海滩砂,后在湿热的气候环境下风化,造成Ｓｉ,Ｋ,Ｎａ等元素的淋失和Ｆｅ,Ａｌ的富集。     

GTS同化对DOGRAFS预报新疆区域一次特大暴雪的影响

受欧洲脊发展和乌拉尔低槽东移影响,2015年12月9日20时到12月13日08时,新疆大部出现了大暴雪、寒潮和大风天气过程,其中乌鲁木齐、米东区、小渠子、白杨沟等站日降雪量均突破当日历史记录值。为定量评估新疆数值天气预报业务系统DOGRAFS(DesertOasis-Gobi Rapid AnalysisForecast System)对此次暴雪过程的预报准确率,以NCEP的GFS(Global Forecast System)预报场作为背景场,基于WRFv3.5.1和WRFDAv3.5.1同化WMO的常规观测资料GTS(Global Telecommunications System)进行积分预报。结果表明,DOGRAFS预报的逐24 h累计降水在北疆的落区和量级均与实况接近,GTS同化对暴雪极值中心乌鲁木齐站的逐1 h降水预报为负效果。对DOGRAFS预报区域内的所有站点而言,2 m温度预报的平均偏差在-3~4.2℃,绝对偏差在-1.6~2.5℃。高空温度场预报的绝对误差小于3.5℃。加入GTS后,乌鲁木齐站温度预报偏差大幅度增大,预报效果明显变差,不同化GTS预报的乌鲁木齐单站逐小时2 m温度及其变化趋势与实况非常接近。     

一次伴有雷暴大风的飑线天气过程分析及数值模拟研究

利用NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)的逐6 h再分析资料、WRF中尺度预报模式,对2014年7月30—31日发生在江淮地区的一次强飑线天气过程进天气学分析和数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,此次飑线过程是在高空槽后有强冷空气输送、中层阶梯槽引导干冷空气南下并叠加在低层暖湿气流之上的有利背景条件下产生的,低空切变线是此次飑线过程的重要触发机制。在飑线成熟阶段,气流下沉速度极大值区在高(低)层与霰(雨水)混合比极大值区有很好的对应关系,水凝物粒子下落时对周围空气的拖曳作用是下沉气流形成的关键。雨水蒸发率影响飑线维持期间地面冷池的强度和分布,雨水蒸发率越大,地面冷池强度越强、范围越广;雨水蒸发率越小,地面冷池越弱,甚至消失。雨水蒸发率与地面风速也有很好的正相关性,增大雨水蒸发率可使地面风速增大,使模拟的地面最大风速更接近实况。     

一次冷空气强风的成因分析

文章分析了2004年12月底的一次冷空气强风过程,揭示了冷空气南下与东海低压的发展造成的气压梯度、高低空较强的冷平流以及中低空辐合辐散差异引起的动力强迫下沉作用所造成的动量下传是造成本次猛烈强风的主要原因.最大强风发生区域和发生时间既与低层和中层700hPa分别转为辐散和辐合中心对应,又与中低层700hPa以下正好处于下沉速度中心附近对应.     

莆田海岸近4000年来的变迁与气候的关系

本文根据作者多年的实地考察,并参考了有关文献,研究了莆田海岸近4 000年来的变迁与气候的关系。结果表明,4 000a,B.P.莆田岸线大约沿海拔5～6m一线分布,当时气温比现今高2℃;2 570a,B.P.莆田岸线约沿海拔4m 一线分布,当时气温比现今高1℃;1 400a,B.P.以来,莆田气候冷暖交替出现,海平面基本上也随之升降而升降。     

Annual cycle and composition of the phytoplankton in the Quempillen River Estuary,southern Chile

Phytoplankton species and abundance were studied in the Quempillen River Estuary, from August 1979 to July 1980 in addition to some important environmental factors: salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen. In order to determine the seasonal variations in cell density and biomass of the phytoplankton in this brackish aquatic environment, phytoplankton data obtained by the Uthermöhl (1958) technique were analysed.A total of 109 phytoplankton species were identified within the samples. Throughout the year there were two periods of population maxima, September and May, and one period of high biomass, February. The phytoflagellates were always present but only dominated the flora when diatoms were extremely reduced, especially during low tide periods.     

Microbial biogeochemistry and bioturbation in the sediments of Great Bay, New Hampshire

The influence of bioturbation on certain aspects of the biogeochemistry of sulfur and iron was examined in shallow-water sediments of Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire. A bioturbated (JEL) and non-bioturbated (SQUAM) site were compared. Annual sulfate reduction measured with ³⁵S, was 4·5 times more rapid at JEL. A significant portion of this difference was attributed to rapid rates which occurred throughout the upper 12 cm of sediment at JEL due to infaunal reworking activities. Sulfate reduction decreased rapidly with depth at SQUAM. FeS in the upper 2 cm at JEL increased in concentration from 3 to 45 μmol ml⁻¹ from early May to late July while only increasing from 3 to 8 μmol ml⁻¹ at SQUAM. Infaunal irrigation and reworking activities caused rapid and continous subsurface cycling of iron and sulfur at JEL. This maintained dissolved iron concentrations at 160–170 μM throughout the summer despite rapid sulfide production. Therefore, dissolved sulfide never accumulated in JEL pore waters. Although dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was generated during sulfate reduction, bioturbation during summer caused a net removal of DOC from JEL pore waters. Sulfate reduction rates, decomposition stoichiometry and nutrient concentrations were used to calculate turnover times of nutrients in pore waters. Nutrient turnover varied temporally and increased three-to five-fold during bioturbation. A secondary maximum in the abundance of recoverable sulfate-reducing bacteria occurred at 10 cm in JEL sediments only during periods of active bioturbation, demonstrating the influence of macrofaunal activities on bacterial distributions.