了解全新世的温度变化能为理解目前日益突出的全球变暖、评估未来全球气候变化给出重要的参考。在这项研究中,基于长江下游南漪湖沉积岩芯深度为0~450cm中161个样品的brGDGTs代用指标,对过去12.0ka的大气温度进行重建,以进一步深化对全新世温度变化的理解。发现湖泊周边土壤与湖泊沉积物brGDGTs分子组成存在显著差异:土壤以brGDGTs-Ⅰ系列为主,占到总比重的80%以上,计算得的MBT'5ME平均值为0.81;湖泊表层和柱状沉积物的brGDGTs分子组成更相似,其brGDGT-Ⅰ和brGDGT-Ⅱ分别为43%、48%和62%、35%,对应的MBT'5ME平均值分别为0.44和0.62,因此认为湖泊沉积物brGDGTs主要为自生来源,进而选用基于MBT'5ME的湖泊温度经验计算式进行古温度的重建。重建的南漪湖年均大气温度自12.0 ka B.P.以来变化范围为13.8~22.4℃,根据变化趋势,可以分为4个阶段:①阶段,早全新世(约12.0~8.2 ka B.P.),温度变化范围为15.1~20.6℃,属低温阶段;②阶段,中全新世(约8.2~6.0 ka B.P.),温度为16.8~20.0℃,为稳定高温阶段;③阶段,中晚全新世(约6.0~3.0 ka B.P.),温度为13.8~19.4℃,快速降温阶段;④阶段,晚全新世(约3.0 ka B.P.以来),温度在17.4~22.4℃,快速升温阶段。通过对比其他古气候记录,可以得到以下结论:长江下游地区在约12.0~8.2 ka B.P.时期温度变化主要受高纬度冰川残留的影响,为低温时期;在约8.2~6.0 ka B.P.时期的温度变化主要受到较强的太阳辐射量控制,属稳定高温期,对应全新世大暖期;约6.0 ka B.P.后,温度受到6.0~3.0 ka B.P.中低纬度冷事件以及上升温室气体辐射强迫共同影响,呈现先降后升的"V"型变化趋势。本研究表明长江下游地区自12.0 ka B.P.以来温度变化主要受全球温度变化控制,自晚全新世以来温室气体辐射强迫是影响其温度变化的主要因素。
Tree-ring cores of thick leaf spruce (Picea crassifolia) taken from four sites at different elevations, in the middle of the Qilian Mountains, in the arid and semi-arid region of northwestern China, were used to develop four tree-ring width chronologies using standard dendrochronological methods. Results indicate that with increasing altitude the chronologies’ year-to-year variations decreased. Hence, the sensitivity of the tree-ring chronologies to climate decreases with altitude. Further analysis showed that the significant limiting factor on tree growth is spring precipitation. Measurements of stomata density and leaf dry weight suggest the species’ ecological adaptation strategy changes with elevation. At high elevation the metabolic rate of thick leaf spruce decreases, thus showing the effect of the climate. 相似文献
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become an important geophysical tool which can provide a wealth of interpretive information
about the vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost. A GPR investigation was conducted in October 2006 at the Nalaikh site
at the southern boundary of the Siberian discontinuous permafrost region in Mongolia. GPR data were collected along four 100-m-long
profiles to identify the location of the permafrost body, which included an in situ drilling borehole and analysis of temperature
observations and soil water content measurements from boreholes. The GPR interpretation results indicated that the thickness
of discontinuous permafrost at the study site was only 1.9–3.0 m and the permafrost is vulnerable to climate change. The soil
temperature and soil water content data demonstrate the precision of GPR image interpretation. This case demonstrated that
GPR is well suited for mapping the internal structure of discontinuous permafrost with relatively low soil water content. 相似文献