云降水物理和人工影响天气研究进展和思考

云降水物理和人工影响天气密不可分,云降水物理为人工影响天气提供理论基础,人工影响天气是云降水物理一个重要应用领域.目前我国人工影响天气规模、经费投入已达世界之最,人工影响天气工程正在建设之中.论文简要回顾了我国云物理研究和人工影响天气的发展过程,评述研究工作取得的进展,思考我国人工影响天气在新形势下进一步的发展的问题,显得尤为重要.几十年来,我国开展了一系列云雾降水的外场观测研究和人工影响天气的外场试验研究,云和降水物理以及人工影响天气的理论和技术研究不断取得进展,数值云模式和中尺度模式的模拟研究水平有了长足的进步,在云和降水物理过程和降水机制研究、云的微物理结构、云水资源和人工增雨潜力评估、催化条件预测、催化剂和催化技术等方面取得了显著进展.论文最后指出,目前的人工影响天气需要加强人工影响天气核心技术研究,并提出了需要进一步研究的云和降水物理中的有关科学问题.     

An empirical formula to compute snow cover fraction in GCMs

There exists great uncertainty in parameterizing snow cover fraction in most general circulation models (GCMs) using various empirical formulae, which has great influence on the performance of GCMs. This work reviews the commonly used relationships between region-averaged snow depth (or snow water equivalent) and snow cover extent (or fraction) and suggests a new empirical formula to compute snow cover fraction, which only depends on the domain-averaged snow depth, for GCMs with different horizontal resolution. The new empirical formula is deduced based on the 10-yr (1978-1987) 0.5°× 0.5° weekly snow depth data of the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) driven from the Nimbus-7 Satellite. Its validation to estimate snow cover for various GCM resolutions was tested using the climatology of NOAA satellite-observed snow cover.     

二维粘弹性随机介质中的波场特征分析

通过交错网格有限差分正演,模拟了平面地震波在二维粘弹性随机介质模型中的传播及其自激自收时间记录．为研究粘弹性随机介质模型中的波场特征,我们在理论记录(垂直分量)剖面上选取两个时间区段;在这两个不同的时间区段上,分别计算剖面的三个统计特征(横向中心频率、纵向中心频率、波场能量相对值)．这样,对应每一个粘弹性随机介质模型,我们均可计算得到6个不同的波场特征量．我们通过在二维粘弹性随机介质中的正演模拟,研究当自相关长度以及粘弹吸收系数变化时,对应的上述波场特征量的变化特点,最终得出了若干结论。     

“智慧地图”体系构建研究

随着“智慧地球”“智慧城市”的发展,以及人类科学技术和对自然认识水平的提高,传统的空间信息显示与简单的数据存储、管理已不能满足我们对空间认知的需求,空间信息获取的广泛性、时效性、便捷性以及地图服务的智能化与人性化已经成为当前地图行业需求热点.同时,物联网、云计算等新兴信息技术的迅速发展所引爆的第三代信息革命为现代地图学的发展带来了新的契机.本文以地图学历史发展为主线,系统梳理“地图”的相关概念、内涵及技术理论,并结合当前经济、社会及技术背景,重新整合地图的发展需求、内涵及技术体系,提出一种全新的“智慧地图”概念,为现代地图学及数字地图技术的发展提供一种新的视角与理论方法框架.     

Polarimetric scattering model for estimation of above ground biomass of multilayer vegetation using ALOS-PALSAR quad-pol data

Forests are important biomes covering a major part of the vegetation on the Earth, and as such account for seventy percent of the carbon present in living beings. The value of a forest’s above ground biomass (AGB) is considered as an important parameter for the estimation of global carbon content. In the present study, the quad-pol ALOS-PALSAR data was used for the estimation of AGB for the Dudhwa National Park, India. For this purpose, polarimetric decomposition components and an Extended Water Cloud Model (EWCM) were used. The PolSAR data orientation angle shifts were compensated for before the polarimetric decomposition. The scattering components obtained from the polarimetric decomposition were used in the Water Cloud Model (WCM). The WCM was extended for higher order interactions like double bounce scattering. The parameters of the EWCM were retrieved using the field measurements and the decomposition components. Finally, the relationship between the estimated AGB and measured AGB was assessed. The coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.4341 and 119 t/ha respectively.     

基于Citrix XenApp的地震办公平台发布技术研究

随着云技术的发展,即搜即用的全功能App得到了广泛的应用。将这种技术应用到山东省地震局行业网办公环境中,利用Xenapp技术构建了虚拟应用发布系统,以身份认证、权限管理、数据保护、行为监控四个层面为一体的安全部署方案,提高了山东省地震局办公业务系统的高效性和安全性。     

济南药山崩塌地质灾害治理方法初探

济南地区的中基性岩体,大面积隐伏分布于济南市北部地带,零星出露为孤峰或丘陵,构成济南地区著名的"齐烟九点"地貌景观。药山为"齐烟九点"之一,地处济南杂岩体的中西部,岩性主要为闪长岩、辉长岩等,块状结构,节理裂隙发育,易球状风化形成临空状危岩体,构成崩塌地质灾害隐患。结合济南药山危岩体组合特征,进行了稳定性计算和分析,提出了不同的治理方案以及具体施工方法和施工顺序,以期达到消除地质灾害隐患的目的,切实保护人民生命财产安全,为类似地区开展地质灾害治理提供参考。     

Understanding of the Common Land Model performance for water and energy fluxes in a farmland during the growing season in Korea

The Common Land Model (CLM) is one of the most widely used land surface models (LSMs) due to the practicality of its simple parameterization scheme and its versatility in embracing a variety of field datasets. The improved assessment of land surface water and energy fluxes using CLM can be an alternative approach for understanding the complex land–atmosphere interactions in data‐limited regions. The understanding of water and energy cycles in a farmland is crucial because it is a dominant land feature in Korea and Asia. However, the applications of CLM to farmland in Korea are in paucity. The simulations of water and energy fluxes by CLM were conducted against those from the tower‐based measurements during the growing season of 2006 at the Haenam site (a farmland site) in Korea without optimization. According to the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP) land cover classification, a homogeneous cropland was selected initially for this study. Although the simulated soil moisture had a similar pattern to that of the observed, the former was relatively drier (at 0·1 m³ m^?3) than the latter. The simulated net radiation showed good agreement with the observed, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 41 W m^?2, whereas relatively large discrepancies between the simulation and observation were found in sensible (RMSE of 66 W m^?2) and latent (RMSE of 60 W m^?2) heat fluxes. On the basis of the sensitivity analysis, soil moisture was more receptive to land cover and soil texture parameterizations when compared to soil temperature and turbulent fluxes. Despite the uncertainty in the predictive capability of CLM employed without optimization, the initial performance of CLM suggests usefulness in a data‐limited heterogeneous farmland in Korea. Further studies are required to identify the controls on water and energy fluxes with an improved parameterization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

智慧地质建设的初步探讨

智慧地质是充分运用新一代信息技术,发现和总结地质演化的时空规律,判断和预测未来发展趋势,集海量专家认知于一体,认识水平可最大程度的符合或逼近地质自然规律,从而使地质成果以智慧的方式服务于人、造福于人。其意义在于以人为本、服务于人,具体内涵表现为实现地质调查监测工作流程的信息化、地质信息资源互联互通的统一化、地质数据分析应用的智能化、地质成果产品服务的精准化。北京市通过不断创新城市地质工作发展理念、搭建由感知到服务的全流程信息化基础,已经基本具备智慧地质的雏形。智慧地质的建设是一个循序渐进的过程,科学谋划、做好顶层设计、夯实地质理论基础、做好信息平台基础搭建是智慧地质当前发展的首要任务。