Impacts of aerosol chemical composition on microphysics and precipitation in deep convection

Aerosols affect precipitation by modifying cloud properties such as cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC). Aerosol effects on CDNC depend on aerosol properties such as number concentration, size spectrum, and chemical composition. This study focuses on the effects of aerosol chemical composition on CDNC and, thereby, precipitation in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) driven by deep convective clouds. The MCE was observed during the 1997 department of energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) summer experiment. Double-moment microphysics with explicit nucleation parameterization, able to take into account those three properties of aerosols, is used to investigate the effects of aerosol chemical composition on CDNC and precipitation. The effects of aerosol chemical compositions are investigated for both soluble and insoluble substances in aerosol particles. The effects of soluble substances are examined by varying mass fractions of two representative soluble components of aerosols in the continental air mass: sulfate and organics. The increase in organics with decreasing sulfate lowers critical supersaturation (S_c) and leads to higher CDNC. Higher CDNC results in smaller autoconversion of cloud liquid to rain. This provides more abundant cloud liquid as a source of evaporative cooling, leading to more intense downdrafts, low-level convergence, and updrafts. The resultant stronger updrafts produce more condensation and thus precipitation, as compared to the case of 100% sulfate aerosols. The conventional assumption of sulfate aerosol as a surrogate for the whole aerosol mass can be inapplicable for the case with the strong sources of organics. The less precipitation is simulated when an insoluble substance replaces organics as compared to when it replaces sulfate. When the effects of organics on the surface tension of droplet and solution term in the Köhler curve are deactivated by the insoluble substance, S_c is raised more than when the effects of sulfate on the solution term are deactivated by the insoluble substance. This leads to lower CDNC and, thus, larger autoconversion of cloud liquid to rain, providing less abundant cloud liquid as a source of evaporative cooling. The resultant less evaporative cooling produces less intense downdrafts, weaker low-level convergence, updrafts, condensation and, thereby, less precipitation in the case where organics is replaced by the insoluble substance than in the case where sulfate is replaced by the insoluble substance. The variation of precipitation caused by the change in the mass fraction between the soluble and insoluble substances is larger than that caused by the change in the mass fraction between the soluble substances.     

福建双旗山金矿深边部成矿预测研究

双旗山金矿位于武夷成矿带金矿成矿远景区内,地处闽中"金三角"地区,区内矿床(点)众多,金矿体主要受韧性剪切带控制呈层状、似层状,赋存于中晚元古代大岭组变质岩中,为韧性剪切带型金矿床。通过对成矿地质背景、典型矿床地质特征和区域成矿地质条件的研究,结合物探、化探、自然重砂等综合信息分析,并根据区域成矿地质、成矿作用及其相互关系、时空演化规律,建立成矿模式,全面利用综合信息预测方法,开展综合信息成矿规律及预测评价工作,圈定双旗山、杨梅、吉山、青溪等五个有利的成矿远景区,提出该区下步找矿方向和找矿靶区。     

辽东玉隆铅锌矿田控矿构造特征与深部赋矿空间分析

辽东玉隆铅锌矿田处于辽吉古裂谷西端中央地带,是区域上重要的铅锌成矿带。区内含矿母岩-大石桥组三段条带状透闪白云石大理岩发育,铅锌矿床成因类型为沉积-变质热液再造矿床,控矿构造为F1次级褶皱、F2褶皱转折端和褶皱翼部剪切滑动角砾岩带。文章提出区内存在类似检德铅锌矿床"如云硐"二期向斜的大褶皱转折端,论述了玉隆至烟囱砬子至响水沟二期向斜一线距地表600～1500m空间存在铅锌矿工业矿体的地质依据。     

云南澜沧老厂银铅锌铜矿床地质特征、控矿要素及找矿靶区

澜沧老厂银铅锌铜矿床有明显的垂直分带,具＂五楼一梯＂的矿化结构。它是典型的多因复成矿床,主要成矿作用包括早石炭世火山喷流沉积作用及喜山早期隐伏花岗斑岩热液成矿作用。主要控矿要素包括火山机构、火山旋回、火山岩浆分异演化程度、隐伏花岗斑岩。通过对矿床地质特征及控矿因素的详细研究,提出了找矿靶区。     

四川省青川县锣鼓顶地段钼矿地质特征及找矿标志

阐述了青川县锣鼓顶地段钼矿所处的区域地质背景、矿区地质特征和矿体地质特征。运用地质力学分析总结了矿区的构造特征与成矿的关系。初步分析了锣鼓顶地段钼矿的找矿标志。     

河北省涞源县连巴岭—东团堡地区金-多金属矿地质特征及找矿方向

河北省涞源县连巴岭—东团堡地区金-多金属矿受王安镇岩体和雾迷山组白云岩的接触带、NE向乌龙沟深断裂的控制。区内发现4条NW向金-多金属含矿带,矿化产于构造蚀变带中或中酸性脉岩旁侧,与成矿有关的围岩蚀变为硅化、黄铁矿化和铁锰碳酸盐化等。建立了金-多金属矿的成矿模式,指出进一步找矿的方向。     

规模型溶洞在电探上的反映特征初探

南宁～昆明铁路共进行了２３８ｋｍ路基、隧道、车站、桥址的岩溶综合物探，依据物探结果，进行了３５００多个钻孔的岩溶整治，钻孔资料为物探资料的再分析、总结、提高提供了极为丰富翔实的已知资料。本文通过了三个典型的厅状大溶洞电探信息分析，初步总结出该类异常的反映特征和规律。     

铜陵地区滑坡基本特征及防治对策

近几年来，铜陵市建成区、矿山、道路沿线不断出现滑坡，成灾十分严重。根据对区内一些滑坡灾害的实地调查及部分滑坡勘查治理资料，论述了该区滑坡的地质背景及其基本特征，分析了形成原因，针对滑坡危害初步提出了防治对策与措施。     

甘肃马泉金矿二十号矿带地质特征

通过对二十号矿带与矿床主体三、四号矿带地质特征的对比和ZK4 0 1孔伴生元素特征的研究 ,认为二十号矿带是四号矿带东延部分 ,其露头位于矿体头部附近。预测在二十号矿带180 0m标高以下一定还有较大盲矿体存在。