台风“云娜”在近海强度变化及结构特征的数值研究Ⅰ:云微物理参数化对云结构及降水特征的影响

首先对AREM模式模拟的台风基本结构和云结构进行验证,检验了模拟结果的可靠性.在此基础上,设计了5组试验来研究云微物理参数化方案对台风"云娜"云结构及降水特征的影响.试验设计主要突出冰相云微物理过程、云微物理特征引发的冷却效应以及霰下落速度的重要性.结果表明:云微物理参数化过程对云的发展和降水特征的影响更为显著.各试验的水凝物分布和强度不同,降水类型和强度存在较大差异,由此引起的云中热力结构也有较大区别;在所有试验方案中,24 h降水率最大差异为52.5 mm/h.云微物理过程对云和降水特征的具体影响表现在:(1)如果不考虑雨水蒸发冷却效应,此时台风内核上升运动强度最强(达到-19 Pa/s),雨水和霰粒子增长最明显,相对于对照试验增量分别为1.8和2.5 g/kg.(2)霰和雪的融化对于螺旋雨带中雨滴的增长十分重要,但他们可能不是云墙中雨水形成的主导因子.(3)不同方案的降水模拟特征也存在较大差别,采用暖云参数化后,降水区域最小,但其中对流降水比例最大(63.19%);霰落速减半后,降水区域最大,其中非对流降水比例也最大(51.15%).     

近47年内蒙古农牧交错带气温突变的区域特征和季节特征

利用内蒙古农牧交错带42个气象站1961-2007年气象资料,采用Mann—Kendall和Yamamoto两种突变检验方法。分析了内蒙古农牧交错带气温突变的区域特征和季节特征。主要结论如下：内蒙古农牧交错带普遍具有明显的增温现象：气温突变主要发生在20世纪80年代后期和90年代前期;阴山北麓段突变发生最早,其次是东段,中西段最晚;四季气温以冬季突变发生最早且最明显,春、秋季次之,夏季最晚。     

Impacts of aerosol chemical composition on microphysics and precipitation in deep convection

Aerosols affect precipitation by modifying cloud properties such as cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC). Aerosol effects on CDNC depend on aerosol properties such as number concentration, size spectrum, and chemical composition. This study focuses on the effects of aerosol chemical composition on CDNC and, thereby, precipitation in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) driven by deep convective clouds. The MCE was observed during the 1997 department of energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) summer experiment. Double-moment microphysics with explicit nucleation parameterization, able to take into account those three properties of aerosols, is used to investigate the effects of aerosol chemical composition on CDNC and precipitation. The effects of aerosol chemical compositions are investigated for both soluble and insoluble substances in aerosol particles. The effects of soluble substances are examined by varying mass fractions of two representative soluble components of aerosols in the continental air mass: sulfate and organics. The increase in organics with decreasing sulfate lowers critical supersaturation (S_c) and leads to higher CDNC. Higher CDNC results in smaller autoconversion of cloud liquid to rain. This provides more abundant cloud liquid as a source of evaporative cooling, leading to more intense downdrafts, low-level convergence, and updrafts. The resultant stronger updrafts produce more condensation and thus precipitation, as compared to the case of 100% sulfate aerosols. The conventional assumption of sulfate aerosol as a surrogate for the whole aerosol mass can be inapplicable for the case with the strong sources of organics. The less precipitation is simulated when an insoluble substance replaces organics as compared to when it replaces sulfate. When the effects of organics on the surface tension of droplet and solution term in the Köhler curve are deactivated by the insoluble substance, S_c is raised more than when the effects of sulfate on the solution term are deactivated by the insoluble substance. This leads to lower CDNC and, thus, larger autoconversion of cloud liquid to rain, providing less abundant cloud liquid as a source of evaporative cooling. The resultant less evaporative cooling produces less intense downdrafts, weaker low-level convergence, updrafts, condensation and, thereby, less precipitation in the case where organics is replaced by the insoluble substance than in the case where sulfate is replaced by the insoluble substance. The variation of precipitation caused by the change in the mass fraction between the soluble and insoluble substances is larger than that caused by the change in the mass fraction between the soluble substances.     

福建双旗山金矿深边部成矿预测研究

双旗山金矿位于武夷成矿带金矿成矿远景区内,地处闽中"金三角"地区,区内矿床(点)众多,金矿体主要受韧性剪切带控制呈层状、似层状,赋存于中晚元古代大岭组变质岩中,为韧性剪切带型金矿床。通过对成矿地质背景、典型矿床地质特征和区域成矿地质条件的研究,结合物探、化探、自然重砂等综合信息分析,并根据区域成矿地质、成矿作用及其相互关系、时空演化规律,建立成矿模式,全面利用综合信息预测方法,开展综合信息成矿规律及预测评价工作,圈定双旗山、杨梅、吉山、青溪等五个有利的成矿远景区,提出该区下步找矿方向和找矿靶区。     

辽东玉隆铅锌矿田控矿构造特征与深部赋矿空间分析

辽东玉隆铅锌矿田处于辽吉古裂谷西端中央地带,是区域上重要的铅锌成矿带。区内含矿母岩-大石桥组三段条带状透闪白云石大理岩发育,铅锌矿床成因类型为沉积-变质热液再造矿床,控矿构造为F1次级褶皱、F2褶皱转折端和褶皱翼部剪切滑动角砾岩带。文章提出区内存在类似检德铅锌矿床"如云硐"二期向斜的大褶皱转折端,论述了玉隆至烟囱砬子至响水沟二期向斜一线距地表600～1500m空间存在铅锌矿工业矿体的地质依据。     

云南澜沧老厂银铅锌铜矿床地质特征、控矿要素及找矿靶区

澜沧老厂银铅锌铜矿床有明显的垂直分带,具＂五楼一梯＂的矿化结构。它是典型的多因复成矿床,主要成矿作用包括早石炭世火山喷流沉积作用及喜山早期隐伏花岗斑岩热液成矿作用。主要控矿要素包括火山机构、火山旋回、火山岩浆分异演化程度、隐伏花岗斑岩。通过对矿床地质特征及控矿因素的详细研究,提出了找矿靶区。     

四川省青川县锣鼓顶地段钼矿地质特征及找矿标志

阐述了青川县锣鼓顶地段钼矿所处的区域地质背景、矿区地质特征和矿体地质特征。运用地质力学分析总结了矿区的构造特征与成矿的关系。初步分析了锣鼓顶地段钼矿的找矿标志。     

鄂西地区牛蹄塘组钼钒矿地质特征及找矿远景探讨

寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系广泛分布于鄂西地区,层内现已发现众多的钼钒矿床(点),其形成条件具有热水沉积与正常海相沉积双重特征,成矿系统总体上处在海侵体系域陆棚盆地还原沉积环境,期间由区域性断裂构造的热水喷流提供多种金属元素来源,经炭质、粘土矿物吸附作用沉积成矿,其中Ni、Mo与喷流作用最为密切,钒与生物化学作用密切,具有较好的找矿远景。     

河北省涞源县连巴岭—东团堡地区金-多金属矿地质特征及找矿方向

河北省涞源县连巴岭—东团堡地区金-多金属矿受王安镇岩体和雾迷山组白云岩的接触带、NE向乌龙沟深断裂的控制。区内发现4条NW向金-多金属含矿带,矿化产于构造蚀变带中或中酸性脉岩旁侧,与成矿有关的围岩蚀变为硅化、黄铁矿化和铁锰碳酸盐化等。建立了金-多金属矿的成矿模式,指出进一步找矿的方向。     

规模型溶洞在电探上的反映特征初探

南宁～昆明铁路共进行了２３８ｋｍ路基、隧道、车站、桥址的岩溶综合物探，依据物探结果，进行了３５００多个钻孔的岩溶整治，钻孔资料为物探资料的再分析、总结、提高提供了极为丰富翔实的已知资料。本文通过了三个典型的厅状大溶洞电探信息分析，初步总结出该类异常的反映特征和规律。