Detecting recent changes in the demographic parameters of drosophilid populations from western and central Africa

Previous genetic studies showing evidence of past demographic changes in African drosophilids suggested that these populations had strongly responded to Quaternary climate changes. We surveyed nine species of Zaprionus, a drosophilid genus mostly present in Africa, in forests located between southern Senegal and Gabon. The mitochondrial COI gene showed contrasted levels of sequence variation across species. Populations of the only cosmopolitan species of the genus, Z. indianus, and of its closely related sibling species, Z. africanus, are highly polymorphic and appear to have undergone a continuous population expansion beginning about 130,000 years ago. Five less variable species probably underwent a population expansion beginning only about 20,000–30,000 years ago. One of them, Z. taronus, was significantly structured between forest blocks. The last two species were nearly monomorphic, probably due to infection by Wolbachia. These results are similar to those obtained in three species from the melanogaster subgroup, and may be typical of the responses of African drosophilid populations to glacial cycles.     

Paleoenvironment reconstructions and climate simulations of the Early Triassic: Impact of the water and sediment supply on the preservation of fluvial systems

Paleoenvironmental reconstructions and climatic modelling allow us to investigate the influence of water and sediment supply on the preservation of fluvial systems within a given geodynamic context. To simulate climate, we need global-scale paleoenvironmental and paleotopographic reconstructions. However, the present study only covers the West-Tethys domain, where sedimentological and stratigraphic data allow us to check climate simulation results against geological data. We focus our modelling on the Olenekian, with the aim of characterizing the impact of climate on fluvial sedimentation in the West-Tethys domain. The climatic simulations show that paleoclimates differ between Western Europe and North Africa. A more humid climate is simulated over North Africa, whereas a rather arid climate prevails over Western Europe. In Western Europe, the sediments are preserved for the most part in endoreic basins and the presence of rivers in an arid environment suggests that these rivers are mainly fed by precipitation falling on the North Africa Variscan Mountains. In North Africa, sedimentation is exclusively preserved in exoreic basins (coastal plain sediments). Consequently, the lack of preserved fluvial systems in endoreic basins in North Africa either could be due to a shortage of accommodation space in this area, or is linked to the climatic conditions that controlled the water and sediment supply.     

准噶尔盆地莫西庄地区三工河组二段储层微观特征及有效储层控制因素

提要：通过普通薄片和铸体薄片观察、孔隙显微图像分析、扫描电镜和阴极发光等测试手段,研究了莫西庄地区三工河组二段储层岩石学、孔隙类型和成岩作用等微观特征,分析了低渗储层的形成原因和相对优质储层的主控因素。研究结果表明：砂岩以成分成熟度较低的长石岩屑砂岩为主,含少量岩屑砂岩,软岩屑塑性变形强烈或假杂基化,对储层物性和含油性影响大;砂岩孔隙类型主要为次生溶蚀孔,其次为剩余原生粒间孔;强烈的压实作用、方解石和高岭石胶结作用是导致储层低渗的主要原因。优质储层表现为粗粒、低含量软岩屑-弱方解石和高岭石胶结-强溶蚀作用的微观特征。优质储层形成的主要控制因素包括软岩屑含量、晚期溶蚀作用和有利的沉积相带,河道砂体旋回中、下部储层是有效储层发育的有利部位。     

河南淅川寨沟钒矿床地质特征与矿床成因研究

首次对寨沟钒矿成矿地质背景、矿体特征、矿石特征及矿床成因进行了系统研究,研究结果表明,该矿床产于寒武系水沟口组硅质岩、泥岩中,空间分布严格受地层及背斜构造双重控制,矿体呈隐伏—半隐伏状态,呈现鞍状、层状分布于背斜的转折端及两翼;成矿时间为寒武纪早期,钒主要来源于前寒武系地层,矿床形成于滨海至浅海环境中,矿床属滨海至浅海沉积型层控矿床。     

巢北地区二叠系页岩孔隙特征分析

以巢北二叠系孤峰组（P2g）、龙潭组（蹦）和大隆组（P3d）页岩为研究对象,运用压汞和扫描电镜实验手段对页岩的孔隙结构进行分析。认为三组地层的主要孔隙类型为过渡孔,孔径范围在15．9～27．2nm之间,孤峰组和龙潭组页岩的孔隙度为14．05％和13．47％、比表面积为13．722m2／g和14．046m2／g、孔容为0．087ml／g和0．067ml／g,均较接近。大隆组页岩孔隙度为1．58％,比表面积为2．16m2／g,孔容为0．008ml／g。样品的镜下SEM—sE图像可观察到孔隙类型以粘土矿物颗粒间孔隙为主,孔隙形状不规则,存在微裂缝。     

西藏察隅县那阿钨床成矿地质特征与找矿前景

那阿钨矿为矽卡岩型白钨矿床,矿体产于沿北西向分布的二长花岗岩岩体与大理岩的外接触带的矽卡岩及其强矽卡岩化大理岩中,其规模、形态、产状严格受矽卡岩岩性控制,自南向北矿体埋藏深度逐渐加大,向深部钨矿化有变好趋势。围岩蚀变主要有矽卡岩化、硅化及碳酸岩化等。通过对矿区的成矿地质条件进行分析,总结分析了区内找矿及成矿标志,提出了有益建议。     

黄河流域未来气候-水文变化的模拟研究

将大尺度半分布式水文模型VIC应用到黄河上中游流域(花园口水文断面以上),并利用区域气候模式RegCM4.0单向嵌套全球气候模式BCC_CSM1.1,动力降尺度到黄河流域的模拟结果驱动VIC模型,开展在新的典型浓度路径下(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)黄河流域未来气候和水文变化的离线模拟。模拟结果显示,在RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下,黄河流域21世纪平均地表气温相对于1971—2000年均呈显著上升趋势,2019—2048年上升1.2—1.5℃,2069—2098年上升2.19—3.9℃。未来年平均降水量有微弱的增大,2019—2048年增幅为6%左右,2069—2098年增幅为1.4%—5.6%。未来蒸发量增大明显,2069—2098年年平均蒸发量最大可增加9.6%。2019—2048年花园口水文站的年平均径流量增大3.4%—7.4%,2069—2098年年平均径流量转为减少,减幅为3.3%—5.3%。黄河上游地区未来气候和水文变化趋势与黄河流域基本一致,但未来年径流量变幅低于黄河流域,相对比较稳定。     

气温变化对冬小麦生育的影响

利用驻马店市1961年10月—2002年5月冬小麦生长季内平均气温资料以及气温5年滑动平均变化曲线图，采用相关分析法，分析了驻马店市冬小麦生长季内气温变化特征，并利用1981年以后的冬小麦作物观测资料，经过对比分析，揭示了冬小麦生长发育过程中因暖温而产生的一系列变化。     

洛阳市旅游气象服务初探

利用洛阳市近30年气候资料，分析了洛阳旅游的气候舒适度及旅游资源，并从旅游气象服务方面介绍了若干服务方法。     

双频道频谱激电非线性效应研究

利用双频道激发极化法，在封闭条件下和三维大水槽中，对４０余块各种天然矿物标本进行了频谱激电非线性效应研究．实验结果和理论分析表明，当电流密度增加到一定程度时，将出现激电非线性现象．用双频道频谱激电方法，将得到锯齿状频谱曲线．不同类型的矿物，锯齿状频谱曲线具有不同的特征，为评价激电异常源性质提供了新方法．