On the sensitivity of the sedimentary system in the East Frisian Wadden Sea to sea-level rise and wave-induced bed shear stress

The paper addresses the individual and collective contribution of different forcing factors (tides, wind waves, and sea-level rise) to the dynamics of sediment in coastal areas. The results are obtained from simulations with the General Estuarine Transport Model coupled with a sediment transport model. The wave-induced bed shear stress is formulated using a simple model based on the concept that the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) associated with wind waves is a function of orbital velocity, the latter depending on the wave height and water depth. A theory is presented explaining the controls of sediment dynamics by the TKE produced by tides and wind waves. Several scenarios were developed aiming at revealing possible trends resulting from realistic (observed or expected) changes in sea level and wave magnitude. The simulations demonstrate that these changes not only influence the concentration of sediment, which is very sensitive to the magnitude of the external forcing, but also the temporal variability patterns. The joint effect of tides and wave-induced bed shear stress revealed by the comparison between theoretical results and simulations is well pronounced. The intercomparison between different scenarios demonstrates that the spatial patterns of erosion and deposition are very sensitive to the magnitude of wind waves and sea-level rise. Under a changing climate, forcing the horizontal distribution of sediments adjusts mainly through a change in the balance of export and import of sediment from the intertidal basins. The strongest signal associated with this adjustment is simulated North of the barrier islands where the evolution of sedimentation gives an integrated picture of the processes in tidal basins.     

气候变暖对中国水稻生产可能影响的研究

利用随机天气模型,将大气环流模式预测的气候情景与水稻模式相链接,研究了气候变暖对中国水稻生产的可能影响。结果表明,大气中ＣＯ２浓度加倍,中国水稻主产区适宜水稻生长的日数将延长６～１１ｄ,积温增加２２０～３３０℃·ｄ。积温的相对增长率由南向北呈增长趋势。水稻产量形成期低温天气出现频率将减少,而高温天气出现的频率增加。若品种与播种、移栽期不变,水稻产量将下降;而若通过改变品种使作物生育期基本保持目前的状况,减产幅度将比品种不变时明显偏小,部分地区还有可能增产。     

Theoretical relationship between SSA and MESA with both application

Ｉ．ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｉｎｇｕｌａｒｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ（ＳＳＡ）,ａｓａｎｅｗｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃｍｅｔｈｏｄ,ｈａｓｂｅｎｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｄｉａｇｎｏｓｅｓａｎｄｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｗｉ...     

1997年初夏云南严重干旱的诊断分析

对１９９７年初夏云南发生的严重干旱灾害从大气环流和海气相互作用角度对其成因进行了详细的诊断研究,提出了一个考虑物理诊断与统计预测相结合的云南初夏降水综合预测方案,对作好该地区的气候预测有一定的参考价值。     

p—σ混合坐标原始方程模式对地气交换的敏感性试验

在五层及九层ｐ－σ混合坐标有限区域原始方程模式中,选择几种方案对影响地气系统之间动量、热量交换的拖曳系数进行了敏感性试验,并以一次寒潮为试验个例。试验结果表明：模式结果对拖曳系数的选取是敏感的;原模式对该系统在青藏高原地区的取值偏小,增大高牟地区的ＣＤ取值能取得更好的预报效果。     

昆明近300年的旱涝变化规律

应用昆明近３００年历史旱涝指数和近百年降雨观测资料,研究了旱涝历史气候演变、气候周期变化和年际变化的规律,探讨了厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子、大气环流因子对旱涝气候变化的影响。主要结果有：（１）昆明旱涝气候变化主要存在４０年和１１年的周期,４０年变化周期受厄尔尼诺变化周期影响,１１年变化周期受太阳黑子变化周期影响,厄尔尼诺和太阳黑子的周期变化是昆明旱涝周期变化和两大影响因子。（２）昆明降雨年际变化与大气环流     

广东的气候分区

用ＩＡＰ－ＡＧＣＭ气候模式,功率谱分析,带通滤波等方法对半球５－７月副热带高压季节性北跳进行了数值模拟和处理,得出：赤道中太平洋,西太平洋,印度洋海温异常以及北极海冰的异常对副高的季节性跳动都有不同程度的影响。     

Global Oceanic Climate Anomalies in 1980''''s

ＧｌｏｂａｌＯｃｅａｎｉｃＣｌｉｍａｔｅＡｎｏｍａｌｉｅｓｉｎ１９８０′ｓＦｕＣｏｎｇｂｉｎ（符淙斌）ａｎｄＸｉｅＬｉ（谢力）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ...     

2004年7月4～5日贵州省黔西南州首场暴雨的物理量诊断分析

提出黔西南州大到暴雨的物理量诊断方法和临界指标,建立多重物理量场嵌套诊断模型,应用T213数值预报产品计算2004年7月4日物理量预报场,根据物理量预报场计算结果,对7月4日黔西南州暴雨天气进行诊断,将实况与预报结果进行对比,结果表明,运用多重物理量场嵌套诊断分析对大到暴雨的短期预报,准确率较高,预报结果对预报员有一定的指导作用。     

全球气候变化问题的对策

根据２０多年的国内、外有关文献,综合分析了全球气候变化问题的国际对策以及发达国家之间、发展中国家之间、发达国家与发展中国家之间的矛盾与斗争。结合中国国情,提出了我国应付全球气候变化问题的相应对策建议。