点状地图符号统一编码的研究

地图符号数据的开放模型和统一描述编码是地图符号共享的重要基础,针对点状地图符号共享与操作研究滞后这一现状,在分析国内外GIS软件的点状符号编辑模块基础上,设计了点状地图符号的开放数据模型,提出了点状地图符号的统一编码描述准则,建立了基于Xml-Schema的点状地图符号的统一编码规范,最后进行了基于该编码规范的点状地图符号共享实验,验证了遵循统一的编码规范,有利于实现点状地图符号的共享与互操作。     

特高拱坝建基面浅层卸荷机制与稳定分析

随着我国水电资源的大力开发,高坝建设日益增多,面对这些大规模的建设,拱坝的稳定问题成为拱坝设计中的关键重大问题。对于处在高地应力河谷的拱坝建设,由于开挖,地应力释放引起基础岩体卸荷,造成的浅层稳定问题,对高坝设计来说是个少有成例的问题。对此问题,如果采用概念不对,误导了计算,则将引入失误。对高拱坝建基面浅层卸荷特征、产生机制进行详细讨论,结合小湾高拱坝遇到的浅层稳定问题,提出了拱坝多余力,及浅层建基面面安全系数的求法,利用最大最小原理对小湾拱坝建基面浅层稳定进行分析评价,分析结果在小湾工程的设计中得到应用,文中提出的分析方法可以指导同类工程的设计。     

Element partitioning between magnesium silicate perovskite and ferropericlase: New insights into bulk lower-mantle geochemistry

In this study, we investigated iron–magnesium exchange and transition-metal trace-element partitioning between magnesium silicate perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ and ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O synthetised under lower-mantle conditions (up to 115 GPa and 2200 K) in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Recovered samples were thinned to electron transparency by focused ion beam and characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) and nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy (nanoSIMS). Iron concentrations in both phases were obtained from X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements and nanoSIMS. Our results are the first to show that recently reported spin-state and phase transitions in the lower mantle directly affect the evolution of Fe–Mg exchange between both phases. Mg-perovskite becomes increasingly iron-depleted above 70–80 GPa possibly due to the high spin–low spin transition of iron in ferropericlase. Conversely, the perovskite to post-perovskite transition is accompanied by a strong iron enrichment of the silicate phase, ferropericlase remaining in the Fe-rich phase though. Nanoparticles of metallic iron were observed in the perovskite-bearing runs, suggesting the disproportionation of ferrous iron oxide, but were not observed when the post-perovskite phase was present. Implications on the oxidation state of the Earth and core segregation will be discussed. Transition trace-element (Ni, Mn) concentrations (determined with the nanoSIMS) show similar trends and could thus be used to trace the origin of diamonds generated at depth. This study provides new results likely to improve the geochemical and geophysical models of the Earth's deep interiors.     

旋挖钻机在深厚卵砾石层超深大直径桩的应用

在桥梁超深大直径钻孔灌注桩施工中,国内通常采用大扭矩全液压回转钻机配备滚刀钻头钻进成孔,气举反循环排渣清孔。但对于深厚卵石地层,回转钻机钻进时需要破碎卵石,存在着钻进效率低、施工成本高、钻杆易堵塞、卵石层漏浆易坍塌等不足。本文针对深厚卵石层回转钻机施工中存在的不足,选用旋挖钻机钻孔,利用膨润土泥浆护壁,针对卵石层漏浆采取了可靠堵漏措施,通过气举反循环两次清孔,确保了孔底沉渣厚度,施工效率大幅提高,施工工期大为缩短,节约了施工成本,确保了桩基质量。     

滑动测微计在黄土地区超高层建筑桩基中的应用

近年来,国家正在进行“一带一路”建设,超高层建筑在西北各地大量涌现。在超高层建设过程中,桩身内力状况越来越受到设计人员的重视。相比于传统的桩身内力测试方法,滑动测微计技术具有明显的优势。结合实际工程案例,重点介绍滑动测微计技术在黄土地区超高层桩基施工中的应用效果,以加深对黄土工程特性的认识,获得黄土地区后注浆灌注桩施工工艺、承载力性状及分布特点等方面的关键数据,为今后西北黄土地区超高层建筑提供必要的施工经验及技术指导。     

Simultaneous measurements of the two-dimensional distribution of infrared laser intensity and temperature in a single-sided laser-heated diamond anvil cell

In this report, we demonstrate that combining the laser heating system in a diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) with a tandem acoustic-optical tunable filter (LH-DAC–TAOTF) allows for the simultaneous measurement of (a) the relative infrared (IR, 1070 nm) power distribution on a specimen surface in the DAC; (b) the temperature distribution under laser heating of a specimen under high-pressure in a DAC; it also (c) provides an opportunity to control the shape of the IR laser spot on the surface of the heated specimen. The effect of the π-shaper on the shape and the position of the focus of the IR laser beam on a specimen using a TAOTF is also presented. For a 10× long-working distance objective, the smallest diameter of the IR laser was found to be around 10 μm, when the focal plane coincides with that of the imaging optical system of LH-DAC. The highest diameter of the IR laser was shown to be 20 μm when the rim of the π-shaper was set at 3 μm. It is demonstrated also that the TAOFT not only permits to measure the two-dimensional (2-D) distribution of the IR laser power, but also allows for the alignment of the laser before each heating event at different pressures.     

Elastic constants of single-crystal Pt measured up to 20 GPa based on inelastic X-ray scattering: Implication for the establishment of an equation of state

Phonon velocities and densities for Pt were measured based on inelastic X-ray scattering from ambient pressure to 20 GPa in order to independently determine its equation of state (EOS). Phonon velocities were determined with sine dispersion relations. C_ij values were obtained by fitting phonon velocities and densities to the Christoffel equation. We found that the obtained C_ijs were in good agreement with previously reported C_ijs at ambient condition. Based on the C_ij values in various conditions, experimental pressures were calculated. The EOS of Pt as a primary pressure scale was determined based on the experimental pressures. We report K’ = 5.17 with fixed K_T = 274.1 GPa and V₀ = 60.360 ų for Vinet EOS. Our scale is in good agreement with several previously published scales based on shock experiments and XRD.     

立面收进超限高层建筑结构振动台模型试验研究

本文介绍了嘉里静安综合发展项目(南区)南塔楼的结构体系、整体结构模拟地震振动台试验模型材料的选取、动力相似关系的确定以及模型的简化设计。通过分析模型结构在7度多遇地震、基本烈度、罕遇地震和8度罕遇地震阶段的动力特性、加速度及位移反应,根据相似关系得到原型结构的动力特性、层间位移、楼层剪力等动力反应。研究表明,原型结构能够满足我国现行规范"小震不坏、大震不倒"的抗震设防标准。在特大地震作用下,结构立面收进处和斜柱层存在薄弱部位。     

柔性板桩板墙加固斜坡填方地基的土压力分配问题研究

通过对桩板墙挡土板的受力变形特征分析,指出桩间采用柔性挡土板时,作用于挡土板上的土压力相对较小。在对比分析拟化简仓法与卸荷拱法的基础上,针对当前挡土板土压力计算中存在的问题,对柔性板桩板墙加固斜坡填方地基展开试验研究,并重点研究桩前、桩后施工挡土板时墙后土压力的分布规律。通过对布置在挡土板上的位移计及预埋的土压力计进行监测,结果表明,挡土板布置在桩前时其挠曲变形及承受的土压力值较小,且桩间土拱效应更易得到发挥。挡土板上土压力自上而下多呈抛物线型分布,而作用于桩背侧的土压力分布相对复杂。通过对桩后布置挡土板的土压力分布规律进行为期21 d的监测,研究了土压力变化的时间效应。