粤北302铀矿床围岩蚀变的地球化学特征和成因研究

以粤北302铀矿床ZK23-2钻孔为研究对象,通过显微镜下薄片鉴定、岩石地球化学和流体包裹体分析等对该矿床的围岩蚀变进行研究。结果表明,302矿床蚀变种类繁多,蚀变类型主要有:碱性长石化、硅化、绢云母化、红化、绿泥石化、绿(褐)帘石化、碳酸盐化、高岭石化等。矿床表现出明显的垂直分带和水平分带特征。从上至下,将ZK23-2划分为4个蚀变带:红化、绢云母化带→硅化、红化、强绢云母化带(铀富集带)→绿泥石化、绢云母化带→弱蚀变或正常花岗岩带。岩石的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素均规律变化,微量元素分布模式和稀土元素配分模式均与赋矿围岩长江岩体的趋势一致,说明蚀变作用对它们的影响小,致使蚀变岩石基本保持原岩的地球化学特征。各蚀变带包裹体的均一温度均低于220℃,属于中低温热液,惰性气体N2在各蚀变带包裹体中普遍存在,强蚀变带的包裹体气相成分中均含CO2,表明在铀矿的形成过程中,铀的溶解、迁移以及富集成矿作用与CO2气体密切相关并发生在N2环境中。此外,成矿期脉石矿物包裹体的均一温度和压力为正相关的平滑曲线,表明围岩蚀变的分带特征主要是由成矿热液流体的混合作用引起的。     

Analyzing and forecasting climate change in Harbin City,Northeast China

Based on sounding data from 1975 to 2005 and TM/ETM+ remote sensing images in 1989, 2001 and 2007, the climate changes in Harbin City, Northeast China in recent 30 years were analyzed and forecasted. Results show that in the lower troposphere the meridional wind speed and mean annual wind speed decrease, and in the lower stratosphere the temperature decreases while the meridional wind speed increases significantly. In the study area, the climate is becoming warmer and wetter in the middle lower troposphere. The expansion of urban area has great effects on the surface air temperature and the wind speed, leading to the increase of the surface air temperature, the decrease of the surface wind speed, and the increase of the area of urban high temperature zone. The quantitative equations have been established among the surface air temperature, the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and the specific humidity (the water vapor content). It is predicted that the future increasing rate of the surface air temperature is 0.85°C/10yr if emission concentration of CO₂ remains unchanged; if emission concentration of CO₂ decreases to 75%, 50% and 25%, respectively, the surface air temperature will increase 0.65°C/10yr, 0.46°C/10yr and 0.27°C/10yr, respectively. The rise of the surface air temperature in the study area is higher than that of the global mean temperature forecasted by IPCC.     

江西于都营脑锰银多金属矿区矿化特征及找矿方向

通过对营脑锰银多金属矿地质特征的综合分析,认为该区存在蚀变岩体型、接触带、破碎带型和风化堆积型4种锰银多金属矿化类型,其原生矿为中低温次火山热液交代-充填型.锰银多金属矿化与燕山期石英闪长玢岩关系密切.     

几种室内测试错误成果的原因分析

根据几种最易出现的常识性的岩土勘察室内测试成果的错误或问题,分别从试验原理、测试方法、计算过程等方面综合分析,指出了发生这错误或问题的可能性原因,并列举了一些在此类试测试中最应谨慎和关注的事项,以期能给岩土勘察执业者和室内测试人员提供一些有用的建议和参考.     

Thermohaline variability and Antarctic bottom water formation at the Ross Sea shelf break

We use hydrological and current meter data collected in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 1995 and 2006 to describe the spatial and temporal variability of water masses involved in the production of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Data were collected in two regions of known outflows of dense shelf water in this region; the Drygalski Trough (DT) and the Glomar-Challenger Trough (GCT). Dense shelf water just inshore of the shelf break is dominated by High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) in the DT and Ice Shelf Water (ISW) in the GCT. The HSSW in the northern DT freshened by ∼0.06 in 11 y, while the ISW in the northern GCT freshened by ∼0.04 in 8 y and warmed by ∼0.04 °C in 11 y, dominated by a rapid warming during austral summer 2001/02. The Antarctic Slope Front separating the warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) from the shelf waters is more stable near GCT than near DT, with CDW and mixing products being found on the outer DT shelf but not on the outer GCT shelf. The different source waters and mixing processes at the two sites lead to production of AABW with different thermohaline characteristics in the central and western Ross Sea. Multi-year time series of hydrography and currents at long-term moorings within 100 km of the shelf break in both troughs confirm the interannual signals in the dense shelf water and reveal the seasonal cycle of water mass properties. Near the DT the HSSW salinities experienced maxima in March/April and minima in September/October. The ISW in the GCT is warmest in March/April and coolest between August and October. Mooring data also demonstrate significant high-frequency variability associated with tides and other processes. Wavelet analysis of near-bottom moored sensors sampling the dense water cascade over the continental slope west of the GCT shows intermittent energetic pulses of cold, dense water with periods from ∼32 h to ∼5 days.     

内蒙古额济纳旗一次局地大到暴雨的成因分析

 通过对2008年10月3日发生于内蒙古额济纳旗达来呼布镇一次局地大到暴雨的天气过程分析,结果发现:①短波槽东移在额济纳旗加深、加强,东高西低形势的建立,是强降水发生的背景条件。②高空冷槽、上升运动、低涡辐合区汇合并叠加为该地中小尺度系统生成和发展提供有利条件。③大到暴雨产生在深厚的水汽层结、水汽辐合及强烈的持续上升运动区在高层辐散、低层辐合的形成区,对流发展,强烈的低涡辐合触发不稳定能量释放,产生了大到暴雨天气。④700 hPa暖舌北伸与高空冷槽相叠置,形成大片雷暴区。     

Modelling and in-situ measurements of intense currents during a winter storm in the Gulf of Aigues-Mortes (NW Mediterranean Sea)

While oceanic circulation in the Gulf of Lion (GoL) has often been studied in calm weather or with northerly winds (Tramontane or Mistral) through observations and numerical circulation models, few studies have focused on southeasterly storm events. Yet, correct representation of the circulation during storms is crucial if the suspension of sediments is to be correctly modelled throughout the Gulf. The purpose of this paper is to describe the hydrodynamics in the Gulf of Aigues-Mortes (NW of the GoL) during the storm of 18 February 2007 by using a set of data from an ADCP station placed at a depth of 65 m on the sea bed off the coast at Sète, supplemented by the ocean circulation model SYMPHONIE. This storm was characterized by a moderate south-easterly wind (15 m . s^?1) and waves of up to 5 m of significant height at its apex. At the ADCP, strong currents of up to 0.8 m . s^?1 near the surface and 0.5 m . s^?1 near the bottom were recorded, parallel to the coast, flowing towards the south-west. The simulated currents were widely underestimated, even taking the effect of waves into account in the model. It was suspected that the representation of the wind in the atmospheric model was an underestimation. A new simulation was therefore run with an arbitrarily chosen stronger wind and its results were in much better agreement with the measurements. A simplified theoretical analysis successfully isolated the wind-induced processes, responsible for the strong currents measured during the apex and the strong vertical shear that occurred at the beginning of the storm. These processes were: 1/ the barotropic geostrophic current induced by a wind parallel to the coast and 2/ the Ekman spiral. The duration of the storm (about 36 h at the apex) explains the continuous increase of the current as predicted by the theory. The frictionally induced Ekman transport explains the current shear in the surface layer in the rising stage of the storm, and the addition of high waves and strong wind at the apex is more in favour of strong vertical mixing in the surface layer.     

珠江三角洲环境地质控制性因素及问题分析

珠江三角洲经济区地处广东省中南部,濒临南海,海陆相互作用较强烈,新构造运动活跃,侵蚀和剥蚀作用明显,第四系广布,地貌类型多样,是地质环境的过渡带和敏感带,独具特色的区域地质环境必然产生相应的环境地质问题。本文基于现代调查并综合以往研究成果,从地形地貌、新构造运动、海平面变化、第四纪沉积的角度分析了控制珠三角城市群地质环境的重要因素,提出了对可持续城市化进程具有广泛影响的灾害性环境地质问题:地震灾害,软土区地面形变,岩溶塌陷,海岸异常变迁叠加海平面上升等问题。从地质环境的角度分析了这些问题的成因并提出了针对性的对策建议。     

“苏拉”台风引发福建西部大暴雨成因分析

利用常规天气资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面降水资料以及福建新一代天气雷达资料对2012年"苏拉"台风登陆后引发福建西部大暴雨天气成因进行分析,结果表明:"苏拉"登陆后高空涡旋受大陆高压东侧偏北气流引导向偏南方向移动,同时,台风登陆后进入大的环境风垂直切变区并向切变左侧倾斜,使得台风南倾结构进一步加大。台风结构南倾为福建西部大暴雨区提供了良好的动力条件,"苏拉"自身带来的水汽及台风南侧西南气流为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽来源,高空冷空气入侵与低层的高温高湿区形成上冷下暖结构呈现出条件不稳定层结,有利于深厚湿对流产生,结合充分的水汽供应,出现大暴雨天气。大范围暖平流配合风速辐合,中高层冷空气入侵与低层西南暖湿空气结合以及低层的西南急流建立是三个强降水阶段对应的中尺度天气特征。     

两例相似路径台风降水差异的成因及预报分析

2016年超强台风“尼伯特”和“莫兰蒂”的路径极为相似,登陆福建北上途经太湖流域后入海的路径也几乎重合,但太湖流域出现的降水却迥然不同,前者仅造成了太湖流域个别测站的暴雨-大暴雨,后者则出现大范围暴雨-大暴雨。利用常规气象观测资料、多普勒雷达资料、中国气象局的台风最佳数据集及美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）提供的再分析资料等,对两个台风登陆后的环流背景、台风结构特征等进行了对比分析。结果发现：“莫兰蒂”登陆后的低压环流结构保持良好,北上过程中与外围浅层冷空气的相互作用明显,海上水汽输送通道畅通,台风倒槽导致太湖流域大范围暴雨-大暴雨;“尼伯特”登陆后迅速减弱,环流结构出现“空心化”,水汽输送弱,高层弱冷空气与台风残余低涡的叠加触发局地短时强降水,未能导致太湖流域大范围暴雨。从预报回顾看,模式对登陆台风北上过程中强度预报过强是导致“尼伯特”在太湖流域风雨预报过度的主要原因。3 d以上的中期台风降水预报中,经验概念模型与模式集合预报结果的相互印证,有利于得出比模式确定性降水预报更合理的预报结论。