Quantification of changes in current intensities induced by wave overtopping around low-crested structures

The phenomenon of overtopping is traditionally studied for well-emerged harbour structures and often focuses on safety and stability. In this paper laboratory tests are presented and analysed to sharpen the hypothesis that overtopping is capable of changing the horizontal circulation pattern around low-crested structures. A unique data set from laboratory experiments was acquired in the wave basin at Delft University of Technology. The experiments were performed using an emerged impermeable low-crested structure (three freeboards and three different wave conditions for each freeboard) and yielded nine different combinations of set-up and overtopping driving forces. Using this information it was possible to quantify the changes in cross-shore and longshore velocity induced by the overtopping and the set-up changes under the different freeboard and wave conditions described. It is found that overtopping enhances the outgoing flows (longshore velocities parallel to the structure) away from the lee side of the structure and dampens the water level gradient driven flow towards the structure.     

The circulation of the western Mediterranean Sea in spring 2005 as inferred from observations and from model outputs

In situ observations and numerical model simulations have been used to study the circulation of the western Mediterranean Sea during April–May 2005. A hydrological survey and direct current measurements carried out in the western Mediterranean Sea are analyzed with an inverse box model. The model result is a mean circulation of the region during spring 2005 along with simultaneous evaluation of water fluxes through eight transects and associated uncertainties. In order to evaluate the consistency of the results and the weight of currents at shorter temporal and spatial scales, an inter-comparison of differently achieved results is performed. The inverse solution is evaluated against both instantaneous current measurements and simulated velocity fields from a General Circulation Model. The results obtained and the general agreement between the three approaches are encouraging and confirms that the inverse box model is a powerful instrument to investigate flow fields in wide areas of the sea. The picture coming out confirms the previous qualitative knowledge on the mean circulation at all levels, providing, in addition, robust quantitative estimations of the water masses fluxes throughout the western Mediterranean basin.     

甘南高原一次突发性强对流天气的诊断分析

对发生在甘南高原的一次突发性强对流天气的诊断分析发现:高原上对流云团发展东移与本地发展的对流云团合并加强是造成这次强对流天气的主要原因;强雷雨和冰雹出现的位置在对流云团的右前侧;600~700 hPa上高原东部偏东气流的发展对这次强对流天气的发生、发展有重要作用;700 hPasθe高能中心、Δθse(500-700)不稳定区分布、700 hPa螺旋度及700 hPa水汽通量散度的分布对这次强对流天气的落区有很好的指示意义。     

1961—2019年河南秋季连阴雨天气气候特征分析

利用河南省103个地面气象站1961—2019年逐日资料,采用滑动平均、小波分析、EOF分解等方法分析了河南区域性秋季连阴雨降水的时空分布特征,采用自组织神经网络方法(SOM)对河南区域性秋季连阴雨环流进行客观分型.结果表明:河南区域性秋季连阴雨以7—9 d的过程居多,其次为10 d以上过程.20世纪60年代和80年代...     

闽西北两次致洪暴雨成因对比分析

利用天气图资料、地面加密自动站资料和多普勒天气雷达探测资料等,对2010年6月18日和7月7日发生在闽西北山区的两场大暴雨至特大暴雨天气过程进行对比分析。结果表明:两场暴雨过程均是在高空槽东移引导冷空气南下和西南急流在福建省中北面的强风速辐合的相互作用下,有充分的水汽,较强的上升运动、不稳定的大气层结条件下产生的。副热带高压的位置、西南急流的水平宽度及前倾槽是影响大暴雨时间长短及范围大小的重要因素;暴雨的强度与低层辐合和高层辐散的抽吸效应、垂直上升运动等成正相关;暴雨区上空的水汽通量和水汽通量散度的最大中心比特大暴雨发生时间早,分析预报点上空的水汽变化特征对灾害天气的预报预警有指导作用;两次暴雨雷达回波均呈带状,且该强中心的长轴与移动方向基本一致,是两次暴雨的重要特征。     

早期CINRAD/ SB型雷达故障综合分析

基于中国新一代多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD)的故障率远高于WSR-88D雷达的故障率这一事实,汇总了早期出厂的舟山CINRAD/SB型雷达发生过的所有故障,分析了产生这些故障的原因,并进行统计分类(故障的原因分类、发生故障的单元分布、故障发生的时间段分布),简述了某些典型的排障过程。结果表明,只要在生产、安装、调试的所有环节中,全面提高工艺水平、完善设计,就能有效地降低我国新一代天气雷达故障发生率,提升我国大型电子设备的可靠性。     

广西一次持续性强降雨过程成因分析

利用常规气象资料和NCEP再分析资料,从前期天气背景、大气环流演变及产生持续性强降雨的动力、热力和水汽等条件,分析了2008年6月广西出现的一次持续性强降雨过程。结果发现：这次持续性强降雨过程期间,500hPa环流形势稳定,高空西风小槽呈阶梯状持续下滑影响广西,不断诱发暴雨出现;200hPa广西处于南亚高压东部脊区和高空西风急流出口区右方,风速辐散明显,在高低空急流耦合作用下,华南出现了正反两支垂直环流,广西上空辐合上升运动明显,为强降雨的出现提供了极好的动力条件;南海季风暴发和副热带高压在华南沿海的稳定维持,使得华南低空形成了印度洋和南海两吏水汽通道,为暴雨区上空提供了源源不断的水汽;高温、高湿、高能的热力条件,有利于扰动的形成和对流不稳定能量产生,为广西持续性暴雨提供了必要的能量条件。     

“5.8”桂东北暖区暴雨成因及漏报难点分析

利用常规天气图和数值预报资料,对2011年5月8发生在广西东北部的一次大范围较强降水过程的成因和预报失误的原因进行了分析,结果表明:高空波动和低空突然增强的南亚季风急流的共同作用,700～500hPa风切变引起的辐合上升以及干线入侵是造成这次强降水过程的主要原因。这次暴雨过程漏报的主要原因是:天气形势配置不是很有利,对中层干侵入的分析不够深入。     

浅谈雷灾调查鉴定方法

对雷灾现场调查的内容、方法、步骤等内容,从询问现场相关人员,勘察地理环境、雷击痕迹、防雷装置,剩磁检测等方面做了介绍;提出需要查找的气象资料,探讨了将现场调查结果和气象资料结合起来分析雷灾原因以及确定雷灾调查鉴定结论的方法,并简要介绍了如何编写雷灾调查报告。     

卡哈洛磷矿矿石特征及其成因分析

卡哈洛磷矿磷矿石以磷质碎屑（砂屑、鲕粒、砾屑、团块、生物碎屑）结构为主,次为胶状泥晶结构;原生磷块岩矿石主要有纹层-条带状和块状两种构造类型,矿石中磷酸盐矿物为泥晶磷灰石（胶磷矿）。矿床形成于水体较浅、水动力条件强、以波浪作用为主的潮下浅滩环境。