Study the Mechanism of Surface Chlorophyll–a Variability in the Southern Tropical Indian Ocean Using an OGCM

Eleven years (1997–2007) of SeaWiFS observations and Ocean General Circulation Model sensitivity experiments are used to understand chlorophyll–a variability in the southern tropical Indian Ocean. The strong offshore Ekman transport forced by anomalous southeasterly winds are responsible for inducing higher chlorophyll-a in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. In the case of the southwest tropical Indian Ocean, Rossby waves and local upwelling are responsible for lifting the phytoplankton from deep chlorophyll maxima to the surface. Both intraseasonal dynamical response and interannual forcing are responsible for the phytoplankton blooming in the western basin, whereas the interannual forcing is mainly responsible in the east.     

台风“海葵”（2012）造成的景德镇特大暴雨过程分析

利用NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料等,对2012年8月8-10日“海葵”台风引发的景德镇地区特大暴雨过程的原因进行分析。结果表明,因北方高压脊阻挡,台风低压在安徽省南部地区长时间停滞,导致景德镇地区出现持续性的强降水。强降水发生期间,高层辐散,低层辐合,上升运动深厚而强盛。台风登陆后在向西偏北方向行进的过程中,中心西侧有弱冷空气补充,大气层结由对流稳定变为对流不稳定,景德镇地区的强降水的性质也随之发生改变。对应两次暴雨极值的出现,景德镇地区高、低空的动力、热力、水汽和不稳定条件,均有利于降水的加强。向西南开口的“簸箕”地形有利于西南暖湿气流的抬升,从而导致此次台风暴雨的加强。     

1998年中国特大洪涝时期的环流特征

研究了 1 998年我国特大洪涝的环流特征 ,长江流域洪涝年全国有两种降水分布型 :即长江流域大水全国降水偏多型及长江流域大水其南北降水偏少型 .进而 ,研究了这两类分布型的环流特征 ,并指出北半球 50 0hPa位势高度场有着显著的差异 .鄂霍茨克海高压的建立是长江流域多雨的重要条件 ,南海高压的强弱在全国降水分布型中起着重要的作用     

内蒙古中西部强和特强沙尘暴的气候学特征

使用1957－1996年40年内蒙古中西部74个地面测站沙尘暴观测资料，确定了不同范围强和特强沙尘暴标准，给出了强和特强沙尘暴过程的个例谱，对其地理分布、时间分布特征进行了详细的统计分析，结果表明：内蒙古中西部有三个强和特强沙尘暴多发中心；强和特强沙尘暴气代际变化、年际变化和日益变化显著，70年代和60年代次数最多，强度也最强，80年代开始减少，2000年，2001年又趋于增加，在一年内强和特强沙尘暴集中出现在春季的3－5月份，一天之中则主要出现在午后到傍晚，文中还对形成上述统计特征的气候学成因作了初步讨论。     

黄河流域气候变化研究综述

黄河流域从西到东跨越多省,地形复杂,作为中国生态安全战略格局的重要组成部分,是中国气候变化敏感区和生态环境脆弱区.本文主要综述了在气候变暖背景下,黄河流域气候变化特征、影响以及成因和对策建议的最新研究进展:(1)近60年黄河流域气温呈上升趋势,平均升温速率为0.30℃/10a,上游升温速率最大,下游次之,冬季升温趋势最...     

城市缓流水体污染成因分析及维护对策

在讨论城市缓流水体的运移特征、水化学过程及污染源的基础上,提出了建立科学的城市水务管理体制,城市水利工程与生态工程建设相结合,充分发挥水系工程在城市水体环境保护中的作用,以及完善暴雨污水综合治理方法等保护城市缓流水体的对策.     

同一大尺度天气条件下的两地明显降水差异成因分析

通过对地域毗邻的广西、广东两省2004年春季一次降水个例的综合分析,结果表明,两广锋前中尺度流场、锋面坡度的不同,以及两地明显的水汽和垂直运动条件的差别,是造成这次两广明显降水差异的主要原因所在。所得结果可对今后预报提供一些启示和参考。     

Sensitivity of CFCs and Anthropogenic CO2 Uptake in a North Pacific GCM to Mixing Parameterization and Surface Forcing

Distributions and characteristics of water mass and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the North Pacific are investigated by using a General Circulation Model (GCM). The anthropogenic CO₂ uptake by the ocean is estimated with velocity fields derived from the GCM experiments. The sensitivity of the uptake to different diffusion parameterizations and different surface forcing used in the GCM is investigated by conducting the three GCM experiments; the diffusive processes are parameterized by horizontal and vertical eddy diffusion which is used in many previous models (RUN1), parameterized by isopycnal diffusion (RUN2), and isopycnal diffusion and perpetual winter forcing for surface temperature and salinity (RUN3). Realistic features for water masses and CFCs can be simulated by the isopycnal diffusion models. The horizontal and vertical diffusion model fails to simulate the salinity minimum and realistic penetration of CFCs into the ocean. The depth of the salinity minimum layer is better simulated under the winter forcing. The results suggest that both isopycnal parameterization and winter forcing are crucial for the model water masses and CFCs simulations. The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO₂ in RUN3 is about 19.8 GtC in 1990, which is larger by about 10% than that in RUN1 with horizontal and vertical diffusive parameterization. RUN3 well simulates the realistic water mass structure of the intermediate layer considered as a candidate of oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂. The results suggest that the previous models with horizontal and vertical diffusive parameterization may give the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO₂ underestimated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

泛黄海海区的物理海洋特征

本文扼要综述了至今的我国海洋调查的重要事件,它们包括:1)全国性综合性调查,2)特定海洋现象的专项调查,3)各项中外合作海洋调查.在海洋调查基础上,本文还综述了泛黄海区主要海洋环流分量的特征,并尽可能从数学物理角度简要阐明了这些海洋现象的形成和维持机制.     

The South China Sea,a <Emphasis Type="Italic">cul-de-sac</Emphasis> of North Pacific Intermediate Water

This study discusses branching of the Kuroshio Current including North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) into the South China Sea (SCS). The spreading path of the subtropical salinity minimum of NPIW is southwestward pointing to the Luzon Strait between Taiwan and Luzon islands. Using a large collection of updated hydrography, results show that the SCS is a cul-de-sac for the subtropical NPIW because even the NPIW’s upper boundary neutral density surface σ _N = 26.5 is completely blocked by the Palawan sill and partly blocked by the southern Mindoro Strait. In autumn, NPIW is driven out of the Luzon Strait by the preceding anticyclonic summer monsoon due to an intraseasonal variation and seasonal phase lag response to the weaker summer monsoon. Stronger inflow under winter monsoon than outflow under summer monsoon results in a net annual transport of NPIW of about 1.1 ± 0.2 Sv (1 Sv = 10⁶ m³s⁻¹) into the SCS. This net transport accounts for the anomaly in NPIW transport across the World Ocean Circulation Experiment section P8 (130° E). An earlier study estimated a large westward NPIW transport of about 3.9 ± 0.2 Sv, resulting in a difference of 1.2 ± 0.2 Sv from the basin-wide mean of 2.7 ± 0.2 Sv. Observations are generally in agreement with numerical results although the intraseasonal signal seems to cause a slight bias and remains to be simulated by future model experiments.