辽宁省“十五”数字化地磁数据分析系统

依据台站“十五”数字化地磁工作需求,结合地磁学科组运行管理的相关技术要求,研发辽宁省“十五”数字化地磁数据分析系统.该软件采用IDL作为开发语言,Oracle 10g数据库管理数据,主要包含用户管理模块、日志管理模块和数据管理模块3部分,具备数据实时处理、快速成像、操作简便、安全稳定等特点,可以有效解决目前台站地磁数据...     

地震预报和地震对策模型体系

本文设计了一种用于地震预报和地震对策的模型体系。任何规模庞大、结构复杂、功能综合的大系统都不能用一个单一模型来处理,因为单一模型容纳的变量有限、研究的问题受到局限。地震预报和地震对策系统包含长、中、短、临地震预报,强余震预报及震前、震后的对策等,研究的目标多、功能复杂,需要建立一个相当规模的模型体系来解决这一问题。用系统工程的方法设计和建立各个模型,使各模型的输出、输入互相匹配,功能互相补充。该模型体系具有预报功能和决策功能。前者包括大区域地震危险性判定,中期(0.5—5年)地震危险性判定,短期(0.5—6月)地震危险性判定,临震(几小时—15天)地震危险性判定以及未来地震类型和强余震趋势的判定等。后者包括震前决策和震后决策。使用的数学方法包括统计方法,模糊集方法和灰色系统方法。     

Petrology of spinel granulites from Araku, Eastern Ghats, India, and a petrogenetic grid for sapphirine-free rocks in the system FMAS

Abstract Spinel-quartz-cordierite and spinel-quartz are found as relic prograde assemblages in Fe-rich granulites from the Araku area, Eastern Ghats belt, India. Subsequent reactions produced orthopyroxene + sillimanite in the former association and garnet + sillimanite in the latter. The first reaction is univariant in the FMAS system, but is trivariant in the present case because of the presence of Zn and Fe³⁺ in spinel. The second reaction also has high variance because of Zn and Fe³⁺, but also because of the presence of Ca in garnet. Thermobarometry shows that the metamorphic conditions were approximately 950° C and 8.5 kbar and the fo ₂ was near the NNO buffer. In Fe-rich bulk compositions and low- P -high- T conditions of metamorphism, two of the univariant reactions around the invariant point [Sa], namely (Sa, Hy) and (Sa, Cd), change topology due to reverse partitioning of Fe-Mg between coexisting garnet and spinel. An alternative partial petrogenetic grid in the system FMAS is constructed for such conditions and is applied satisfactorily to several sapphirine-free spinel granulites. It is shown that bulk composition ( X _Fe and Zn) exerts greater control on the stability of spinel + quartz than fo ₂. The effect of the presence of Zn and Fe³⁺ in spinel on the proposed grid is evaluated. Reaction textures in the Araku spinel granulites can be explained from the petrogenetic grid as due to near-isobaric cooling.     

Karst groundwater protection in the Kupa River catchment area and sustainable development

One of the most significant water resources in the Republic of Croatia is the catchment area of the Kupa River, located in the region bordering the Republic of Slovenia. About 88% of the total amount of water in this catchment originates in Croatia and just 12% from Slovenia; therefore, the largest part of the catchment area (about 1000 km²) is on the Croatian side of the border. It is a typical karst area of the Dinarides with aquifers characterized by a relatively rapid water exchange, high groundwater flow velocities and aquifers open to human impact from the surface. Consequently, the aquifers are highly vulnerable and at risk. Due to the availability of large quantities of high-quality spring water (about 6 m³/s), the entire area has a strategic importance within the context of any future development strategy pertaining to the western part of Croatia. The catchment area on the Croatian side was investigated using a wide range of research methods that included a classical hydrogeological approach, the detailed hydrologic calculation of water balance to the hydrogeochemical analyses and modelling. The objective was to determine protection zones and protection measures for the whole area. The difficulties are increased due to the fact that the karst catchment area is crossed by major traffic corridors, oil pipelines and a railway and that many settlements and a highly developed wood industry are present. The combination of protecting water resources with adequate prevention measures and necessary remedial activities that should satisfy the very strict requirements necessary for the protection of the karst aquifers while still allowing for present and future human activities is difficult – but not impossible – to achieve. One good example is the present highway with a closed dewatering system and waste water treatment before the water passes into the karst underground system.     

模拟地震的弹簧滑块模型的混沌运动

我们构造了一种自由度为２的双弹簧滑块系统，讨论模型参数的不均匀性和滑块间的相互作用与复杂现象的关系。假定滑块在所受力小于其静摩擦力时保持静止，因此，只有发生了滑动，两滑块所受力之差才改变。如果我们以两滑块受力之差为变量，就可以构造一种一维的映射。这种映射直观地显示了系统的演化，反映了方程终态解的形态。结果表明，用混沌运动来描述地震现象可能是较为合理的。     

内陆干旱区生态环境系统与气候系统关系的分析评述

对内陆干旱区生态环境系统的结构与功能、近期变化及其成因,生态环境系统与气候系统的关系,生态环境保护、治理、建设与经济社会协调发展的基本关系等进行综合分析和评估,论述了气象与生态环境工作之间的内在联系,为气象部门在拓展生态环境领域工作中进行顶层设计提供了科学依据。     

纯球坐标系内各项重力校正值计算方案和计算过程

在国内,首次阐述了"纯球坐标系内各项重力校正值的计算方案和计算过程".该计算方案有如下优点:①以观测点P为中心,以球面距离am=am-1+Δa·bm-1(m=2,3,...,M)为半径将计算区划分为M个环带,再以Δλ0为由P点出发射线的角度间隔将所有环带等分为N (整数)份的计算区划分方案是最严密拼接,因而校正值的计算精度相当高.②在地形复杂和相对高差大的情况下,通过减小Δa、b和Δλ0 数值,可进一步提高计算精度.③可以直接采用带有经、纬度坐标的高程数据,进行大面积测区的各项重力校正值计算,而不受6°带和标准图幅限制.     

图像减影技术在自动报靶系统中的应用

弹点分割一直是自动报靶系统的关健技术之一,所提出的减影技术不仅方法简单,而且能大大简化弹点的分割过程,使系统的工作效率明显地提高.     

城市部件数字化调查系统的研究与实现

城市部件是城市经济、社会活动的基本载体,是真正属于城市的不可移动的要素,对其进行数字化管理也是城市地理信息系统的重要组成部分.在此探讨了城市部件数字化调查系统的必要功能,详细阐述了城市部件编码方法,并且以丽水市城市部件调查为例介绍城市部件数字化调查系统的应用.     

加密自动站资料质量保障体系分析

加密自动站（IAws）观测网随着我国观测系统的加强日趋完善,许多省市都有IAWS局域网。IAWS观测资料的应用也日益受到重视。但由于IAWS观测资料的特殊性,其质量问题不同程度地阻碍了它的使用。为了促进我国IAWS观测资料质量保障体系的建立,首先通过对比IAWS观测资料和以往的天气尺度常规地面人工站（CMWS）观测资料的特点,分析了IAWS资料的特殊性,然后从国际上IAWS观测资料质量保障体系的经验和方法着手,对IAWS观测资料和CMwS观测资料质量保障体系的差别以及建立IAWS观测资料质量保障体系应注意的重点和问题进行了分析。分析结果表明：IAWS观测资料质量保障体系不同于CMWS观测资料质量保障体系,应特别重视观测业务管理体制建立和台站级自动质量控制、人工干预、监测评估等技术的应用。