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71.
基于计算相干体算法,提出了用模拟地震子波的小波函数(或高分辨导数小波函数)的小波变换,得到分频瞬时相位,再计算相干体的相干体算法1和用小波变换得到的实、虚部(相当Hilbert变换)计算相干体的相干体算法2. 在油田构造解释中,为了突出小断层特征,用分频计算出的相干体进行重构. 实际资料计算表明,相干体算法2较K. J. Marfurt相干体算法抗噪声能力强;相干体算法1较相干体算法2在实际应用中效果更明显. 相似文献
72.
Muhammad Khalifa Nadir Ahmed Elagib Bashir Mohammed Ahmed Lars Ribbe Karl Schneider 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(Z3):153-168
ABSTRACTUnderstanding the human–water–food–climate nexus is central to achieving sustainable intensification (SI) in agriculture. This research uses a socio-hydrological approach to understand the underpinning for implementing SI in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan, by integrating vegetation indices derived from remote sensing, ancillary, gridded soil and precipitation data, supplemented by interviews with 393 farmers. The productivity gap was estimated as the difference between the potential and actual productivities. Based upon data on farmers’ socio-economic status and field practices, a regression tree model was built to determine the factors that control the sorghum yield. The model revealed that the financial status of farmers and access to water are the most influential factors on sorghum yield. A conceptual framework that elucidates SI and its bi-directional feedback to the environment, society and the economy is proposed. Implementing SI in the scheme has implications on water and food security in Sudan and beyond its borders. 相似文献
73.
《水文科学杂志》2012,57(2):153-168
ABSTRACTUnderstanding the human–water–food–climate nexus is central to achieving sustainable intensification (SI) in agriculture. This research uses a socio-hydrological approach to understand the underpinning for implementing SI in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan, by integrating vegetation indices derived from remote sensing, ancillary, gridded soil and precipitation data, supplemented by interviews with 393 farmers. The productivity gap was estimated as the difference between the potential and actual productivities. Based upon data on farmers’ socio-economic status and field practices, a regression tree model was built to determine the factors that control the sorghum yield. The model revealed that the financial status of farmers and access to water are the most influential factors on sorghum yield. A conceptual framework that elucidates SI and its bi-directional feedback to the environment, society and the economy is proposed. Implementing SI in the scheme has implications on water and food security in Sudan and beyond its borders. 相似文献
74.
M. ALIPARAST 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(1):99-107
A numerical model based upon a second-order upwind ceil-center f'mite volume method on unstructured triangular grids is developed for solving shallow water equations. The assumption of a small depth downstream instead of a dry bed situation changes the wave structure and the propagation speed of the front which leads to incorrect results. The use of Harten-Lax-vau Leer (HLL) allows handling of wet/dry treatment. By usage of the HLL approximate Riemann solver, also it make possible to handle discontinuous solutions. As the assumption of a very small depth downstream oftbe dam can change the nature of the dam break flow problem which leads to incorrect results, the HLL approximate Riemann solver is used for the computation of inviscid flux functions, which makes it possible to handle discontinuous solutions. A multidimensional slope-limiting technique is applied to achieve second-order spatial accuracy and to prevent spurious oscillations. To alleviate the problems associated with numerical instabilities due to small water depths near a wet/dry boundary, the friction source terms are treated in a fully implicit way. A third-order Runge-Kutta method is used for the time integration of semi-discrete equations. The developed numerical model has been applied to several test cases as well as to real flows. The tests are tested in two cases: oblique hydraulic jump and experimental dam break in converging-diverging flume. Numerical tests proved the robustness and accuracy of the model. The model has been applied for simulation of dam break analysis of Torogh in Iran. And finally the results have been used in preparing EAP (Emergency Action Plan). 相似文献
75.
《Marine Policy》2017
For over 5000 years, humans have successfully harnessed the power of wind to transport people and goods across the world's oceans. This research expands on previous studies of the unique Flettner rotor propulsion system and the demonstrable success in reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Recent examples such as Enercon's E-ship 1 have proven seaworthy and economically viable along major shipping routes. The remote Pacific island countries (PICS), however, have the unique characteristics of retaining a remarkable seafaring heritage while remaining on the periphery of global commerce. With data obtained from a field study of Fiji's domestic shipping, this research analyzes the potential for implementing Flettner rotor systems to achieve more economically viable alternatives to the current situation. The findings show that with an incremental approach and the addition of a government fuel savings incentive, the Government Shipping Franchise Scheme (GSFS) subsidies could be significantly lowered for Fiji's ten uneconomical shipping routes. Four scenarios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25% fuel savings contrast the baseline data on one extreme with a zero-emissions scenario on the other. The most likely fuel savings scenario of between 10% and 15% results in a 20-year government savings of between 348,042 and 522,063 U.S. dollars and a 20-year cumulative reduction in CO2 emissions of between 2931 and 4396 t. The paper concludes that Flettner rotors show promising results in reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions and recommends future studies in collaboration with the Fiji government to develop practical strategies of implementation. 相似文献
76.
77.
镭、氡同位素示踪调水调沙对黄河口水体运移及营养盐分布特征的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究调水调沙影响下的镭、氡同位素和营养盐在黄河口的分布特征,于2013年7月调水调沙期间在黄河口及其邻近海域进行了多点的连续观测。研究发现:(1)黄河口海域镭、氡同位素分布呈现明显的“分区”现象,南北两区分别为“调水调沙影响非显著区域”和“调水调沙影响显著区域”,北部海域镭、氡同位素浓度高值主要来源于陆源输入(包括河流输入和海底地下水排放);(2)调查期间,北部海域水体年龄为(2.9±1.6)d,南部海域水体年龄为(5.0±2.1)d;水龄随潮汐变化表现出涨潮时水龄增大、落潮时水龄减小的波动趋势;(3)北部海域溶解无机氮(DIN)和溶解硅(DSi)含量明显高于南部海域,而溶解无机磷(DIP)在两个区域的含量相差不大。 相似文献
78.
GRAPES的积云对流参数化方案性能评估及其改进试验 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
利用GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)单柱模式(Single Column Model,SCM),采用GCSS WG4第三次个例资料,对BMJ、SAS和KFeta三种积云参数化方案进行了数值试验和诊断分析,得到如下结论:BMJ和KFeta方案都能较好地模拟出与观测相符的降水,而SAS则相对较差;BMJ方案在对流层中高层位温误差较小,低层偏冷严重,同时该方案具有较强的水汽向上输送能力,易造成低层偏干,中高层偏湿,因此其调整的大气层结过于稳定;KFeta方案倾向于造成低层偏冷偏湿,但低层偏冷幅度相对于其他方案较小,在对流层高层则由于对流穿透过强导致严重偏冷.针对KFeta方案对流穿透过强的问题,本文提出了一种新的对其垂直速度方程进行修改的方案,并且考察了Anderson等提出的修改流出层方案.数值试验表明,这两种修改都能有效地减小高层冷误差;综合来看,本文提出的修改方案的预报效果更令人满意. 相似文献
79.
80.
不同边界层参数化方案对江苏地区一次平流雾过程的模拟影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
边界层参数化方案的选取在平流雾的预报准确度上起着决定性的作用。本文利用WRF模式对2013年3月18~19日发生在江苏地区的一次平流雾过程进行数值模拟试验,对耦合不同闭合方式边界层参数化方案的试验结果与实测气象数据进行对比分析,评估了他们对此次平流雾的模拟效果,探讨了边界层高度对此次平流雾的生成和发展的影响。研究结果表明:(1)耦合不同边界层方案的WRF模式对地面气象要素的模拟结果均呈现气温偏低、湿度和风速偏大的特征。(2)QNSE方案对气温的模拟能力最强;ACM2方案对相对湿度的模拟性能最好;YSU方案对风速的模拟效果最佳。不同边界层方案的模拟结果在垂直方向上的差别主要表现在低空相对湿度上:QNSE方案预报的湿度更大。(3)综合TS(Threat Score)和BS(Bias Score)两个评分指标来看,ACM2方案对雾区分布的模拟效果最好。三个边界层方案对此次平流雾的模拟结果在江苏沿海站点的预报评分较高,在距海较远站点的预报评分表现较差。YSU方案对东南沿海地区的雾区预报评分较高;QNSE方案对长江沿江区域的雾区预报评分较高;ACM2方案对沿海地区、尤其对沿海北部地区的有较好的预报效果。(4)QNSE方案对此次平流雾的生成时间、出现地点预报比较准确。(5)平流雾的生成与发展阶段模拟雾区覆盖范围与边界层高度关系十分紧密,适当强度的湍流混合作用有助于平流雾在地面的生成与发展;但是过强的湍流混合作用会导致大雾过早的消散。 相似文献