长江中下游环境地质问题及对防洪工程的影响

今夏,长江继1954年后再次发生全流域特大洪灾。根据对长江中下游的水土流失、江湖淤积、地面沉降等环境地质所作的分析,日益严重的环境地质问题是洪灾加剧的重要原因,并对防洪工程产生不利影响。     

贵州开阳磷矿区崩塌及其防治

开阳磷矿区被称为地质灾害的博物馆,区内地质灾害灾种齐全,滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害广泛分布,山体崩塌是区内分布最广的地质灾害之一。文章通过对开阳磷矿区山体崩塌地质灾害的地质背景、采矿活动的调查和分析,得出开阳磷矿区山体崩塌地质灾害形成的基本条件是区内的特殊地形地貌及断裂构造,地下磷矿开采是主要诱因;统计了各矿段崩塌体的分布特征及其危害对象;选取区内典型崩塌体,利用极射赤平投影法定性分析崩塌体的稳定性,分析得出崩塌体是不稳定的;提出了采用井下充填采矿,遏制区内崩塌的进一步发展,并结合生态移民工程、锚固与防护工程、切割爆破清除危岩体等综合治理方法。     

青海省东昆仑1:50万区化扫面方法总结

东昆仑是我省找矿重点地区之一,通过1:50万区域地球化学扫面,初步查明了各元素的分布特征,分散、富集规律,明确了找矿方向、目标矿种和重点找矿区段,为解决区内某些基础地质问题提供了地球化学资料。 本文较系统地介绍了东昆仑地区开展小比例尺区化扫面工作所采用的工作方法和资料综合研究整理思路。其中异常查证工作方法等已被证明是非常有效的,可作为今后开展类似工作的参考。     

Application of artificial neural networks to the prediction of dust storms in Northwest China

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are non-linear mapping structures analogous to the functioning of the human brain. In this study, we take the ANN approach to model and predict the occurrence of dust storms in Northwest China, by using a combination of daily mean meteorological measurements and dust storm occurrence. The performance of the ANN model in simulating dust storm occurrences is compared with a stepwise regression model. The correlation coefficients between the observed and the estimated dust storm occurrences obtained from the neural network procedure are found to be significantly higher than those obtained from the regression model with the same input data. The prediction tests show that the ANN models used in this study have the potential of forecasting dust storm occurrence in Northwest China by using conventional meteorological variables.     

胜利油田海岸的蚀退与防治

介绍了胜利油田海岸蚀退的情况及危害,较详细地分析了该区海岸蚀退的原因,阐述了在减缓和防治海岸蚀退方面的工程实践经验,为进一步综合防治胜利油田海上石油开发区的海岸蚀退提供参考借鉴。     

Has river rehabilitation begun? Social perspectives from the Upper Hunter catchment, New South Wales, Australia

Recognition of the degraded state of rivers across the world has prompted the development of management programmes which promote river repair through rehabilitation practices. Efforts to date have emphasised concerns for biophysical attributes of rivers to the relative exclusion of socio-cultural values. Ultimately, the process of river repair must move beyond this technical focus and incorporate collective societal engagement, participation and ownership. However, the inherent complexities of informing and managing this process limit the prospects that engagement will be translated into an effective and sustained practice. This qualitative case study research analyses the community’s knowledge, views and opinions regarding geomorphic river change and river works projects undertaken in the Upper Hunter catchment, New South Wales, Australia. The responses and views expressed by the participants highlight how ineffective communication and limited understanding of past river work practices has inhibited the connection and ownership between the people and their river. Essentially, historical river management was viewed as a technical process that failed to incorporate social values and aspirations, and which gave inadequate consideration to local knowledge and experience. Participants identified the need to address both diversity and commonality in vision-building and the need for greater confidence and transparency in river science and management. In light of these responses, this paper argues for the adoption of a geo-social, transdisciplinary approach to river rehabilitation.     

三(明)-福(州)高速公路K196+425～+640段路堑右侧边坡滑坡治理

三(明)-福(州)高速公路三明段为国道G104主干线京-福高速公路在福建省三明市境内的一期工程。是一条在山岭重丘区修建的高速公路。三-福高速公路三明段SA7合同段K196 425~ 640段路堑右侧边坡原设计为6级半高边坡,并在第2和第3级设计了锚索地梁锚固。待施工至第1级时,高边坡产生较大规模滑坡,估计体积约12.5万m3。滑坡产生的主要原因是坡体工程地质和水文地质条件差。其次是源于区内连续降雨。再其次是设计锚固深度不足。后经中铁西北科学研究院论证制定了一套较完整的包括刷方减载、放缓边坡、加宽平台、分台整治、预应力锚索框架加固、仰斜坡体排水孔疏水以及地表完善的截排水系统等综合治理方案。所有加固工程完成后,在该高边坡共布置监测断面6条。至今已分别进行了4次深孔位移监测,并经1a多的检验,治理效果良好。     

Marine Stone Columns to Prevent Earthquake Induced Soil Liquefaction

With ports and other near shore structures expanding, and regions previously not considered prone to earthquakes being re-classified after recent earthquake events, ground improvement by stone columns is increasingly considered to improve loose or soft in situ soils. The Dry Bottom Feed Stone Column construction technique can be used under water if a double-lock stone delivery system is attached to the vibroprobe. The use of pneumatic stone transport from the barge into the vibroprobe receiver tank makes it possible to reach large water and treatment depths. Digital recording of all relevant operation parameters provides a very high level of quality assurance, including a diameter-over-depth profile for each stone column. An introduction to earthquake-resistant design of stone columns and guidelines for specifying Marine Stone Columns are given.     

龙永煤田昌福山区地质勘探工作探讨

通过对福建省永定县昌福山勘探区的构造及煤层进行对比分析,认为该区的勘探类型为三类二型.在分析该勘探类型的勘探阶段划分、勘探手段选择的基础上,对其各勘探阶段工程量进行了最合理布置.经过多年的勘查实践证明,本区选择的勘查方法合理正确,所提交的详终报告获一次性评审通过.希望对该类型勘查区的勘查工程布置有一定的参考意义.     

地质灾害防治工程的投资控制

介绍了地质灾害防治工程的特点,并根据这些特点论述了如何在前期确定地质灾害防治工程的合理造价,工程施工过程中发生的设计变更或其他与合同和工程量清单不一致的地方进行记录并签证,为以后的索赔作准备。在结算阶段要做好索赔工作。