川藏公路尼洋河下游宽浅游荡型河段水毁路基防护试点工程

川藏公路K4257 710-K4258 205位于尼洋河下游宽浅游荡型河段。通过对该段路基水毁的形成因素、水毁特征及防护工程水毁的分析，再通过野外路基防护工程模型试验，建立适合该段路基的冲刷保护计算公式：h5／h=1．3(B／r)0．391(h／d)0．141Fr0．947exp(-0．16m-0．11(σg—1.3))，确定了路基水毁永久性防护工程的方案。在保证足够的基础埋深的基础上，提出了一种新的防护工程结构，为青藏高原宽浅游荡型河段水毁路基防护工程建设提供了示范。     

浅谈地下水取水工程建设市场准入管理研究

我国目前地下水开发利用出现了许多问题,地下水大面积超采,降落漏斗不断扩大,大量水井不断吊泵、干涸,地面沉降、海水入侵等。是由于开发利用不当、没有科学地开发甚至掠夺性的开发造成的。另外由于市场管理不严,盲目乱开滥采,大量施工队伍进入市场,存在不公平竞争等,都体现出制度、监督、管理、技术等方面的缺陷。要管好地下水开发利用这个建设市场,使地下水得到长足发展,以达到可持续利用,应借鉴交通、建筑、铁路行业已经建立的市场准入制度,规范市场。地下水取水工程建设市场的准入制度研究应进行充分的市场调查,摸清现状及存在问题,结合地下水资源的管理保护,研究制定出准入制度及管理模式,达到水资源的科学合理规划,勘查,开采和使用。     

当前地震声像科普作品的传播特征与结构分析

文章简要介绍了地震声像科普作品的概念,对当前地震声像科普作品的传播特征、题材与主题表现、线索结构、细节与节奏等方面进行详细论述,使得地震声像科普作品以声音和图像作为主要表现手段,采取公众更易于理解的方式普及地震科学知识、相关技能和科学理念等。     

大断面浅埋暗挖隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形预测

运用随机介质法理论,研究开发出了隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形预测系统,实现了隧道开挖引起的地表沉降、倾斜、曲率、水平位移和水平变形预测,并对预测公式进行改进,预测了大断面分部开挖引起的地表移动及变形。工程实例分析表明该方法效果良好,具有一定的实用价值。     

Effects of disturbances caused by coastal constructions on spatial structure, growth dynamics and photosynthesis of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica

The light-limitation hypothesis was tested to assess whether water turbidity had caused the decline of a Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadow in an area affected by a harbor. The annual growth, photosynthesis and rhizome starch concentrations of seagrass were measured and related to changes in light availability and dissolved nutrient concentration along a gradient of meadow degradation from areas close to the harbor outwards. Environmental and plant variables were measured in three stations placed along this gradient and compared with a reference station at an undisturbed meadow. The light attenuation coefficient (k) increased toward the inner harbor area, mainly due to sediment resuspension. The shoot density and leaf productivity of P. oceanica shoots were much lower in disturbed stations of the inner harbor area than in the outer, less disturbed station and the reference meadow. However, daily leaf carbon gains, calculated from the photosynthetic rates at saturating irradiance (P_max) and the daily period in which seagrass receives light higher than its saturating irradiance (H_sat), suggested positive C-balance in all stations. This was partly explained by photo-acclimatization of seagrass to the reduced light availability at the disturbed harbor stations (inner and intermediate), as indicated by the lengthening of H_sat and the decrease in saturating irradiance (I_sat) and respiratory demands. Despite photo-acclimatization, disturbed harbor stations showed less positive C-balance, seen not only in their lower leaf growth and biomass but also in a decrease in rhizome carbohydrate reserves (starch). Our results suggest that light reduction account for the reduced seagrass productivity and abundance. However, meadow decline (in terms of shoot mortality) in the harbor area is well above that predicted from similar light environments of nearby meadows or simulated in shading experiments. Thus, there are other factors than light limitation involved in seagrass mortality, most probably through more complex interactions (e.g. nutrient-epiphytes-grazers, water quality––siltation).     

Monitoring vertical deformation due to water pumping in the city of Paris (France) with differential interferometry

The Saint-Lazare area in Paris (France) has undergone important water pumping for the construction of the underground Haussmann–Saint-Lazare station for the EOLE subway line. This paper presents the monitoring of the small surface displacements related to this pumping activity, by classical SAR interferometry. Piezometric measurements provided on 87 piezometers by SNCF and IGC as well as precise levelling data acquired on 626 points by SNCF are also examined. Their comparison with interferometric results shows their good agreement and complementarity, as well as the potential ‘operationality’ of SAR interferometric approach in such a study. To cite this article: B. Fruneau et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

安徽省庐枞铁铜矿整装勘查区在创新地质找矿新机制上的成功示范

庐(江)-枞(阳)地区是我省唯一的部级整装勘查区,从2004年以后经历了找矿工程-四方整体勘查-整装勘查三个大的阶段,在地质界创造了"泥河模式",在基础地质、科技创新、深部找矿上均取得了较大突破。这其中成功作法主要有整装勘查联动机制,科技引领和支撑作用,方案指导和基础地质加强;基金引导和拉动作用,有效激励机制,矿业权管理创新机制等。庐枞铁铜矿整装勘查区经验和模式推动了我省及全国在地质找矿新机制上创新,我省五河整装勘查经验是其中又一大亮点。     

陕北沙漠区地下工程交通竖井方案的选择

＂涌沙＂是陕北沙漠区坑井工程普遍遇到的地质灾害问题,不同工程位置、不同岩土结构特征、不同水文地质条件下,井内涌沙的潜在危害迥异。研究竖井所在位置的地质条件,针对性地采取措施,避免竖井内涌沙是工程顺利竣工的关键。通过对已有工程事故的分析汇总,归纳出沙漠区可行的3种交通竖井方案及其适用的地质条件,并指出了每种方案在设计及施工过程中应引起高度重视的节点问题,具有一定的推广价值,可供同行借鉴。     

我国围填海工程经济影响研究省思与展望

中国围填海工程实践早于理论探索,至今尚未形成系统的围填海工程综合影响评价理论与方法。梳理围填海工程经济影响评价相关研究,界定与解析围填海工程经济影响评价研究的内涵、类型、主要内容与相关领域动态。研究发现:(1)社会、生态环境影响评价的重要性日益提升,经济影响评价仍处于核心地位。经济影响评价指标源于项目价、国民经济、主观判别等,评价范式以投入—产出价值量化、综合模糊评价为主。研究案例多以省或地级市、企业用海等小尺度项目为主,缺乏大尺度对象评价体系构建;(2)中国围填海工程经济影响评价在内容、指标体系构建和尺度影响等方面仍需深入探究。解决间接经济影响量化难题、构建学界公认量化体系与主观赋权体系、对大尺度及特殊用途填海评价,是今后探讨与实证重点。