珠母贝人工繁育优化技术的研究

在室内水泥池分别进行了移池培育、不同种类附着器、光照强度、水流和冲洗对珠母贝附着幼虫变态和稚贝存活的研究,结果表明:附着密度为2.18个/cm~2±0.50个/cm~2时,移池培育,其变态幼虫密度为0.95个/cm~2±0.13个/cm~2,20 d稚贝存活密度0.41个/~2±0.08个/cm~2,移池培育显著提高附着幼虫变态和稚贝存活;附着板、附着绳、网片、小石块变态幼虫密度分别为0.70个/cm~2±0.08个/cm~2、1.38个/cm~2±0.15个/cm~2、0.97个/cm~2±0.12个/cm~2、1.04个/cm~2±0.28个/cm~2,稚贝存活密度分别为0.36个/cm~2±0.06个/cm~2、0.62个/cm~2±0.07个/cm~2、0.45个/cm~2±0.07个/cm~2、0.60个/cm~2±0.08个/cm~2,附着绳显著提高附着幼虫变态和稚贝存活;光照强度为300～600 lx时变态幼虫密度为0.87个/cm~2±0.07个/cm~2,20 d稚贝存活密度0.45个/cm~2±0.08个/cm~2,强光不利于幼虫的变态和稚贝存活;水流速为2.3 cm/s时变态幼虫密度为1.08个/cm~2±0.07个/cm~2,20 d稚贝存活密度0.87个/cm~2±0.07个/cm~2,冲洗的变态幼虫密度为1.64个/cm~2±0.19个/cm~2,20 d稚贝存活密度1.00个/cm~2±0.12个/cm~2,水流或冲洗显著提高附着幼虫变态和稚贝存活.     

2004 年夏初、秋末长江口外海区冲淡水及羽状锋的盐度特征

用国家海洋局东海环境监测中心2004年夏初（6月）和秋末（11月）对长江口外海区现场观测资料,用Matlab计算机编程语言对观测资料进行质量控制、插值网格化,绘制研究海区盐度立体分布图,显示夏初、秋末两季的盐度分布特征。将2004年夏、秋两季长江口外海区冲淡水和羽状锋的分布与以往观测研究结果对比,可得：（1）长江口外海区冲淡水的盐度值主要在5—31之间,冲淡水前缘盐度锋面的盐度值为18—28;盐度值20—28的盐度锋面基本体现该海区羽状锋的特征及变化。（2）夏初长江口外海区冲淡水范围明显大于秋末,夏初该海区以冲淡水为主,秋末冲淡水的范围收缩,紧贴沿岸一带。相应地,夏初该海区羽状锋呈倾斜锋面,占据较大的海区;秋末则为垂直锋面,介于122．50°E-122．70°E海区。     

Sequence analysis and quantitative detection of Norwalk-like viruses in cultured oysters of China

We isolated 4 Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) contaminated oysters from 33 Chinese oysters collected from local commer-cial sources of Shandong Province. After amplification of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of NLVs genomes with RT-PCR, the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the RdRp was sequenced and subjected to multiple-sequence alignment. The re-suits showed that NLVs in the four isolates belong to genogroup Ⅱ. The sequence comparison showed that the similarity between four Chinese oyster isolates were higher than 99.0%, which indicated that NLVs prevalent in close areas have high homogeneity in genome sequences. In addition, the most conserved sequences between diverse NLVs were used to design primers and TaqMan probes, then the real-time quantitative PCR assay was performed. According to the standard curve of GII NLVs, the original amounts (copies) of NLVs in positive patient's fecal isolate, positive Japanese oyster isolate, and the Chinese oyster isolate were 8.9×108, 1.25×108 and 4.7×101 respectively. The detecting limit of NLVs was 1×101 copies. This study will be helpful for routine diagnosis of NLVs pathogens in foods and thus for avoiding food poisoning in the future.     

基于FLUENT的海洋内孤立波数值水槽模拟

基于FLUENT商业软件及其二次开发功能,在标准κ-ε湍流模型下,采用VOF方法追踪两层流体内界面,通过给定入口速度和水位的设置造波边界法,建立了可有效模拟弱非线性内孤立渡的分层流数值水槽,并与仿物理的双板造波方法进行了比较.采用设置边界法所造的波形与理论值符合较好,这为数值分析内孤立渡与海洋结构物相互作用问题提供了一条更加有效的途径.     

海湾扇贝微卫星标记开发及其分离方式分析

利用尼龙膜吸附杂交法构建了海湾扇贝的(AC)_(15)、(AG)_(15)微卫星富集文库,随机挑取3 000个克隆,经菌落原位杂交二次筛选共获得阳性克隆1 268个(42.3%).经序列测定和生物信息学分析后得到521个独立的阳性克隆,其中微卫星506个,小卫星15个.微卫星中,完美型248个,占总数的49.0%;非完美型216个,占42.7%;复合型42个,占8.3%;其中AG/TC重复占70.4%(356个),AC/TG重复29.6%(150个).选择其中的55条序列设计引物,筛选出其中的20对引物检测它们在海湾扇贝CC10家系的双亲和94个子代个体中的分离情况,结果表明:(1) 其中6个位点在母本和子代中发生分离,10个位点在父本和子代中发生分离,4个为双亲共享位点;(2) 2个位点存在无效等位基因;(3) 16个位点符合孟德尔遗传定律,4个位点的子代个体基因型频率偏离孟德尔遗传定律.上述结果表明,这些微卫星引物可以用于构建海湾扇贝的遗传连锁图谱,并且所构建的富集文库适用于微卫星标记的大规模开发.     

养殖黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) 鮰爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究

从四川眉山与新津两地患红头病的养殖黄颡鱼体内分离到2株优势菌(CHNYC001与CHNYC002),以腹腔注射与浸泡的方式进行人工感染试验,证实其为养殖黄颡鱼红头病的病原菌。根据分离菌株的形态、生理生化特性,结合16SrDNA序列测定(GenBank登录号分别为FJ766524、FJ766525)与系统发育分析,将其鉴定为鮰爱德华氏菌(Edwardsie lla ictaluri)。分离菌株最适生长温度为20—30℃,最适生长pH为7.0,在含盐量2%以上的培养基上不生长,对氟苯尼考、强力霉素、洛美沙星等敏感,对乙酰螺旋霉素、磺胺甲基异噁唑和麦迪霉素等不敏感。临床病理特征分析发现,养殖黄颡鱼感染爱德华氏菌临床上分为急性与慢性两种类型,急性型主要表现为败血症的病变特征,慢性型表现为头顶出血,发红与溃疡的病变特征。     

高度计波高数据同化对印度洋海域海浪模式预报影响研究

为提高海浪模式预报的精度,改善初始场是途径之一。研制了基于最优插值(OI)方法的海浪数据同化并行程序模块,并将其植入第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCH IIITM,建立了印度洋海域海浪同化预报方法,使用卫星高度计波高数据进行了同化预报试验。OI模块的并行设计使得植入同化模块的海浪模式仍能以并行方式运行。文中5°S以北印度洋海域为目标区域,嵌套在WAVE-WATCH IIITM的全球网格中,使得目标区域开边界条件得到较好解决。同化数据使用Jason-2高度计测量有效波高(SWH)沿轨数据。海浪同化预报模式由大气模式WRF(Weather Research andForecasting)输出的1小时一次的海面10 m风场驱动。将同化的模式结果(SWH)、无同化的模式结果(SWH)分别与高度计沿轨数据(SWH)进行比较,表明同化改善模式预报初始场的效果是明显的。以同化初始场出发进行海浪预报试验,结果表明,高度计波高数据同化在一定程度上可改进海浪短期预报的精度。     

大型海藻孔石莼抑制浮游微藻生长的原因初探--种群密度及磷浓度的作用

本文以磷浓度和种群密度为变量 ,以亚心形扁藻为浮游微藻代表 ,采用实验生态学手段研究了大型海藻孔石莼与浮游微藻 (亚心形扁藻 )间的竞争。结果显示 ,不论营养盐浓度如何 ,高密度的孔石莼皆能显著抑制浮游微藻的生长。分析显示 ,高密度的孔石莼压制浮游微藻生长的原因 ,不是由于对氮、磷等营养盐的竞争所致 ,而可能是其他原因所致。     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of wind-induced barotropic circulation in the Gulf of Patras

The barotropic, wind-induced circulation, which develops in the Gulf of Patras in Western Greece during the winter, is studied using three-dimensional numerical simulations. The simulations are performed using the numerical code MIKE 3 FM (HD). The Gulf's basin is bracketed between two sills, one on the west at the opening with the Ionian Sea and the other on the east at the Straits of Rio-Antirio at the opening with the Gulf of Corinth. The simulations show that the wind-induced flow creates strong currents near the coasts, which determine the sense of rotation of the gyres that develop in the Gulf. Strong currents are also created at the Rio-Antirio Straits. The wind-induced, barotropic currents do not seem to contribute to the direct replenishment of bottom waters, which recirculate between the two sills. Depending on the wind-speed forcing of the flow, the residence time of the waters in the Gulf of Patras is estimated to range from one week to one month.     

Optimal design of two-dimensional wings in ground effect using multi-objective genetic algorithm

The shape optimization of the 2-dimensional wing in ground effect (WIG) has been performed by the integration of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and MOGA (multi-objective genetic algorithm). Because of the trade-off between the aerodynamic forces and the height stability, it is difficult to satisfy the design requirements of efficiency and stability at the same time. In this study, the lift coefficient, the lift-drag ratio and the static height stability are chosen as the objective functions to obtain the optimal wing profiles of a WIG craft. An NACA0015 airfoil is used for the baseline model; the aerodynamic characteristics of the base model are compared with that of the optimal solutions. The profile of the airfoil is constructed by four Bezier curves with fourteen control points resulting in the eighteen coordinates, which are adopted as the design variables. The optimal solutions of the multi-objective optimization are not unique but a set of the non-dominated optima: the Pareto frontiers or a Pareto set. As the results of the multi-objective optimization, the forty Pareto optima, which include high-lift, high-efficiency, and more stable airfoils on the edge of the 3-dimensional objective space, are obtained at thirty evolutions of the generation.