NCEP和ECMWF资料表征南海夏季风的差异

比较美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）和欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的再分析资料,分析了二者用低层风场表征南海夏季风上的差异.结果表明,NCEP得到的南海夏季风指数有明显的减小趋势,而ECMWF则没有;二者在年际尺度上都能较好地表征南海夏季风强度,而年代际尺度上有明显的位相差.与西沙站的探空资料比较结果表明,NCEP在经向风上更接近观测资料,而经向风的趋势变化正是西沙站西南风减小趋势的主要贡献项;ECMWF资料在年代际尺度变化上更接近观测资料.与1998年南海夏季风试验SCSMEX的再分析资料比较显示,NCEP资料在空间上与SCSMEX资料更相似.     

基于元数据和数据集管理的空间数据共享研究

以实现地理空间数据的标准化为前提,实现数据共享及发布为目的,指出传统的基于数据集的共享模式存在着弊端,需要建立基于元数据和数据集相结合的管理机制,同时提出了元数据库设计的思想,这对于解决数据共享中的异地、异构存储是有借鉴意义的,该思想可以在数字山东的数据共享中得以实施和应用。     

地球空间数据元数据标准初探

论文首先概要介绍了目前有影响的几个地球空间数据元数据标准,然后从地球空间数据及数据集自身特征出发探讨了数据集元数据的内容,提出了地球空间数据集的层次结构,并给出了基本层和基础层元数据内容。     

The vorticity and angular momentum budgets of Asian summer monsoon

The study delineates the vorticity and angular momentum balances of Asian summer monsoon during the evolution and established phases. It also elucidates the differences between these balances in the National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis and the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (NCMRWF) analysis fields. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for a 40 year period (1958-97) and the NCMRWF analysis for a three year (1994-96) period are made use of for the purpose. The time mean summer monsoon circulation is bifurcated into stable mean and transient eddy components and the mean component is elucidated. The generation of vorticity due to stretching of isobars balances most of the vorticity transported out of the monsoon domain during the evolution period. However, during the established period, the transportation by the relative and planetary vorticity components exceeds the generation due to stretching. The effective balancing mechanism is provided by vorticity generation due to sub-grid scale processes. The flux convergence of omega and relative momenta over the monsoon domain is effectively balanced by pressure torque during the evolution and established phases. Nevertheless, the balance is stronger during the established period due to the increase in the strength of circulation. Both the NCMRWF and NCEP fields indicate the mean features related to vorticity and angular momentum budgets realistically. Apart from the oceanic bias (strong circulation over oceans rather than continents), the summer monsoon circulation indicated by the NCEP is feeble compared to NCMRWF. The significant terms in the large-scale budgets of vorticity and angular momentum enunciate this aspect     

美国国家水文数据综述

美国国家水文数据是美国最新的数字地理空间数据库内容之一 ,是一种基于要素的复合矢量数据产品。美国国家水文数据为数据的增加、删除和改正设计了专门的方法 ,同时还涉及有自动识别和追踪更新数据的功能。介绍了美国国家水文数据的数据源和数据用途 ,分析了其数据特征 ,描述了其独特的数据更新方法 ,可供国内同行设计此类基础地理信息产品时参考。     

NCEP/NCAR40年再分析资料图形显示系统

针对美国国家环境预测中心（NCEP）及国家大气研究中心（NCAR）的40年（1958－1997）全球再分析资料，利用数据库开发软件Visual FoxPro结合气象图形显示和分析系统软件GrADS建立了一个图形显示处理系统，能够方便地绘制资料集中提供的各种气象要素在不同区域、不同时间和不同投影下的图形，还可导出所需要的数据供进一步研究。     

Strong motion dataset of Turkey: data processing and site classification

Strong motion records of Turkey are studied in order to prepare a catalog to be used as a database for further studies (for instance empirical attenuation laws). The network started to be installed in 1973, and the first record was obtained in 1976. The instruments are of SMA-1 analog recorders and SIG SM-2 and GeoSys GSR-16 digital types. Out of a total of 426 records released on the web sites of the General Directorate of the Disaster Affairs and of Kandili Observatory, a set of 210 records was selected with a satisfactory quality, for which it was possible to associate correctly determined source parameters (source magnitudes and epicentral distances). Most of the records are obtained from around North and East Anatolian Fault zones, as well as from western and southwestern parts of Turkey. The main outcome of this paper is a strong motion catalog of Turkey, with the indication of site conditions, of the frequency band of the reliability of the records, peak values of acceleration, velocity and displacements, source parameters (magnitude, epicentral and macroseismic distances), intensity and finally the fault plane solutions whenever possible. The aim is to have, with other regional dataset, a homogenous and good quality dataset.     

城市化进程对重庆夏季高温炎热天气的影响

利用重庆17站观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了城市化进程对重庆夏季高温炎热天气的影响。结果表明:随着城市化进程的加快,城区代表站沙坪坝高温和炎热日数呈减少趋势,与邻近的郊区呈现出明显差异。进一步分析其可能原因,沙坪坝日最高气温升温较郊区缓慢,相对湿度增加,均呈现较为显著的城市化效应,说明沙坪坝夏季高温和炎热日数与邻近郊区明显趋势不同的主要原因是由于城郊最高气温的变化差异。相关分析表明,随着城市化进程的加快,主城区炎热日数的变化与郊区的差异逐渐增大,也说明沙坪坝炎热日数的减少不是大尺度的区域气候变化造成的,而是城市化进程加快导致的。利用OMR方法分析了重庆都市圈观测气温与NNR气温的差异,城市化进程加快对平均气温和最低气温是增温影响,且以最低气温的影响较为明显,同时对最高气温的影响则为降温效果。     

运用ArcGIS Desktop 9.0进行栅格数据的加载和地理参考变换

运用ArcGIS Desktop 9.0软件以海丰农场示意图为例,用DGPS进行控制点的测量,从建立坐标文件数据开始,把扫描的农场示意图(栅格图形数据)进行加载到地图中去并对其进行地理参考转换,使海丰农场示意图变成了一份具有地理坐标系统的数字化地图,从而为当前海丰农场精准农业研究提供了数字化的农场布局资料。