地震与非地震诱发滑坡的运动特征对比研究

针对不同诱发机制的滑坡运动特征差异,以滑坡的总斜率和阻止系数为评价指标,分析滑坡的总斜率、阻止系数与滑坡规模、总能量的关系,对比研究了地震和非地震滑坡的总斜率、地形阻止系数的特征。研究结果表明：地震与非地震滑坡的规模越大在运动过程中受到的阻止作用越小;地震滑坡和非地震滑坡的总斜率都随滑坡规模和总能量增加而减小,但地震滑坡减小的速率大于非地震滑坡;地震滑坡的平均阻止系数约为0.4～0.5,而非地震滑坡的平均阻止系数约为同规模地震滑坡的40%～50%。因此,滑坡的运动特征不仅受滑坡规模及总能量控制,还显著地受滑坡的诱发机制和地形阻止等因素的影响。     

层状介质参数反演的混合最优化法

波动方程反演是典型的非线性反问题,本文提出了用混合最优化法反演层状介质参数。混合最优化法将广义模拟退火与局部最优化方法结合,能较好地利用两者的优点,在本文中,局部最优化算法采用线性迭代算法。通过数值结果表明反演方法的正确有效性。     

劈裂砂岩有、无砂粒填充条件下的多因素对渗流量影响对比分析

采用宜昌劈裂砂岩,在有、无砂岩填充条件下,分别从轴压、围压、劈裂面面积、凹凸高差、迹线长度、劈裂面2D投影面积、进出口长度、结构面粗糙度对渗流量的影响规律进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：有、无砂粒填充下轴压与渗流量均呈线性递增关系;无填充时围压与渗流量呈对数递减关系,有充填时围压与渗流量呈线性关系;无充填时渗流量与流面积呈三次函数关系,而充填后过流面积对渗流量几乎无影响;凹凸高差、2D面积与渗流量的关系也有相似规律,分析认为,这主要是砂粒充填后带来的过流通道要远大于上述三因素对过流通道的改变;无充填时,渗流量随迹线长度线性递减,有填充时该规律被淹没;无论有、无填充,渗流量与过流面粗糙度系数在一定范围内均呈现二次函数关系。这些规律能指导渗流测量时各因素的优先次序,可有效减少对次要影响因素的测量工作,同时可对渗流的数值模拟提供参考。     

Modern diatom, cladocera, chironomid, and chrysophyte cyst assemblages as quantitative indicators for the reconstruction of past environmental conditions in the Alps. II. Nutrients

Surface sediments from 68 small lakes in the Alps and 9 well-dated sediment core samples that cover a gradient of total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of 6 to 520 g TP l^-1 were studied for diatom, chrysophyte cyst, cladocera, and chironomid assemblages. Inference models for mean circulation log₁₀ TP were developed for diatoms, chironomids, and benthic cladocera using weighted-averaging partial least squares. After screening for outliers, the final transfer functions have coefficients of determination (r², as assessed by cross-validation, of 0.79 (diatoms), 0.68 (chironomids), and 0.49 (benthic cladocera). Planktonic cladocera and chrysophytes show very weak relationships to TP and no TP inference models were developed for these biota. Diatoms showed the best relationship with TP, whereas the other biota all have large secondary gradients, suggesting that variables other than TP have a strong influence on their composition and abundance. Comparison with other diatom – TP inference models shows that our model has high predictive power and a low root mean squared error of prediction, as assessed by cross-validation.     

Estimation and improvement in the geolocation accuracy of rational polynomial coefficients with minimum GCPs using KOMPSAT-3A

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose a method to regenerate Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) using KOMPSAT-3A imagery and to reduce the geolocation error using minimum ground control points (GCPs). To estimate the new RPCs, the physical sensor model fitted to KOMPSAT-3A imagery was utilized and virtual GCPs over the study area were created. The size of the virtual grid used was 20x20x20. To remove the sensor-related errors in physical sensor model, three different image correction models (image coordinate translation model, shift and drift model, and affine transformation model) were additionally applied. We evaluated our proposed method in two areas within Korea, one in urban (Seoul) and one in rural (Goheung) areas. The results showed that there was a significant improvement after applying the suggested approach in the two areas. The image coordinate translation model is suggested in terms of GCP requirement and expected errors estimated from the error propagation analysis using Gauss–Markov Model (GMM).     

速度传感反馈地震计的参数稳定性分析

从理论上定量分析机械摆和环路滤波等开环诸参数变化对速度传感反馈地震计闭环参数的影响.研究指出,在环路设计中可半自由选取的开环阻尼取值对参数稳定性有重要影响.过大或过小的开环阻尼取值均可能造成参数稳定性急剧变差,影响地震计在只标不调的状况下长期连续稳定工作.     

变荷载下双层地基一维非线性固结近似解析解

目前考虑土体非线性压缩及渗透特性的双层地基非线性固结解均假定土体固结系数保持不变,能反映固结系数变化的双层地基非线性固结解还很鲜见。引入经典的e- 和e- 非线性关系描述土体的非线性压缩、渗透特性,在假定双层地基上、下土层压缩指数与渗透指数比值 相等且不等于1的基础上,得到变荷载下考虑土体固结系数变化的双层地基一维非线性固结近似解。该解答在 1条件下可退化为已有的 1时双层地基一维非线性固结解。基于此解探讨了双层地基上、下土层参数的相对比值对非线性固结性状的影响。结果表明：单面排水条件下 越小,下层土与上层土的相对压缩性越低、相对渗透性越高,则双层地基非线性固结速率越快;减小 值,增加双层地基中压缩性小、渗透性高的土层的厚度,会加快地基的固结速率。     

In-line response of a cylinder in oscillatory flow

The most widely used mathematical model to represent flow-induced in-line forces on structures is based on the Morison¹ equation. The present paper investigates the validity of using an extension of Morison's equation for non-stationary structures, by comparing predictions with results from a simple laboratory experiment. An elastically-mounted circular cylinder is placed in the sinusoidal flow of a U-tube, and responds in-line with the flow. Cylinder forces and responses are recorded over a range of Keulegan Carpenter numbers up to 35. An equation of motion is solved simply by using relative coordinates and by employing equivalent linearisation. The linear results are compared over a wide variation of parameters with solutions using the full nonlinear equation. Thereafter experimental results are compared with linear predictions.     

An Experimental Study of Several Special Issues Regarding the Ice Force on Conical Structures

The effect of the cone spacing of a conieal structure on the ice force is studied by model experiments. The ice force reduction coefficient presented in this paper expresses the relationship between the ice force and the arrangement of cones. The experiments prove that the mode of the ice failure before the boundary of upward-downward bending cone (UDBC) is crushing. A conclusion can also be drawn from the experiments that the ice force on the boundary of UDBC is by far less than that on a vertical pile with the same diameter. Moreover, the ice force frequencies on upright and inve-rted cones are obtained under the field condition of the platform JZ20-2, respectively. The results show that the alterna-tion of the ice force on UDBC can hardly induce resonance of platform JZ20-2.     

水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜传热特性的研究

对管式高效传热传质元件的工程应用进行理论探讨,根据水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜的形成机理及传热特性,通过建立单组分流体的物理和数学模型,得到了液膜速度和厚度解析解,并分析了在蒸发、冷凝时水平螺槽管的表面几何形状对液膜厚度分布的影响。结果表明：液膜的厚度主要受表面张力和槽道表面几何形状的影响,在槽道内弯处较厚,而在槽道起始处较薄,冷凝时与蒸发时相比液膜厚度更薄,液膜分布更均匀。相对于光滑直管,水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有更均匀的厚度分布,具有更好的传热传质性能。