网络组织对旅游产业结构调整的作用机理

网络组织内在的关联性及结构的复杂性,契合了旅游业综合性和密集性的特点,为优化旅游产业结构提供了新的方向,但是在理论研究方面还处于空缺.通过对管理学和旅游学相关理论的深入探析,从理论上证明了网络组织可以对旅游产业结构进行优化调整.借鉴其他行业成功导入网络组织的经验,对其实现产业关联的方式进行了初步探索,最终得出结论：网络组织对于旅游产业结构的统筹规划、合理布局、调控指挥都提供了便利性,企业间的关系在组织内部不断得以调整,进而使产业结构迈向规范化、合理化和有序化,最终实现旅游产业结构优化与升级的总目标.     

中国有机农业认证信息中心空间组织特征及影响度评析

随着我国食品安全、环境压力、三农问题、绿色贸易壁垒等问题的加剧,有机农业作为一种可持续的新型农业发展模式,为以上问题的解决提供了新的范式。有机农业认证作为连接有机农业生产者与消费者的纽带,是有机农业生产链的核心构成之一。有机农业认证体系是我国有机农业生产网络中信息网络的重要组成部分,有机农业认证机构作为信息网络的核心构成,对认识我国有机农业信息网络的结构与组织有着积极的作用。本文基于对有机认证机构为代表的信息中心的空间分布、组织与影响腹地范围分析,认为我国目前有机农业信息中心空间分布呈较强的不均衡性特征,且发育程度具有一定的等级层次性。采用层次分析法进一步对中国有机农业认证信息中心的影响度进行评析,分析表明我国有机认证信息中心分为三大综合等级。此外,选取以北京、浙江和辽宁为代表的重点地域空间进行探讨,并针对不同等级的有机农业认证信息中心提出相应的发展策略和建议。     

DNC标准与我国CDC标准比较与应用

目前国内关于DNC标准方面的研究较少,为了更好地利用标准,便于各类人员使用DNC数字海图数据,文中首先介绍DNC标准和CDC标准的基本情况,然后通过两种数据标准对照分析,找出标准之间所有的差异性,最后结合实际提出相关工作人员在工作中应注意的问题。经过实践证明,文中的研究成果能够加快我国CDC标准的完善。     

集体经济组织在农地流转中的作用探讨

农地流转中农户与集体经济组织的关系为委托代理关系,集体经济组织在农村土地流转中扮演着委托者和代理者的双重角色,承担着委托者和代理者的双重职责。农地流转中集体经济组织存在违背农户意愿的强制流转、土地流转收益分配不均、对土地承租方经营管理监督缺失、同土地承租方勾结侵害农户利益等背离自身定位的行为,原因主要在于农户个体的信息弱势地位、专业中介市场的不成熟、集体经济组织自身的利益驱动、政府不合理的干预和控制、法律环境不完善。要想引导与规范农地流转中集体经济组织行为,应当完善信息披露制度,培育专业中介市场,完善激励约束机制,正确定位政府职能,健全法律法规体系。     

The transportation sector and low-carbon growth pathways: modelling urban,infrastructure, and spatial determinants of mobility

This article contributes to the controversial debate over the effect of spatial organization on CO₂ emissions by investigating the potential of infrastructure measures that favour lower mobility in achieving the transition to a low-carbon economy. The energy–economy–environment (E3) IMACLIM-R model is used to provide a detailed representation of passenger and freight transportation. Unlike many of the E3 models used to simulate mitigation options, IMACLIM-R represents both the technological and behavioural determinants of mobility. By comparing business-as-usual, carbon price only, and carbon price combined with transport policy scenarios, it is demonstrated that the measures that foster a modal shift towards low-carbon modes and a decoupling of mobility needs from economic activity significantly modify the sectoral distribution of mitigation efforts and reduce the level of carbon tax necessary to reach a given climate target relative to a ‘carbon price only’ policy.

Policy relevance

Curbing carbon emissions from transport activities is necessary in order to reach mitigation targets, but it poses a challenge for policy makers. The transport sector has two peculiarities: a weak ability to react to standard pricing measures (which encourages richer policy interventions) and a dependence on long-lived infrastructure (which imposes a delay between policy interventions and effective action). To address these problems, a framework is proposed for analysing the role of transport-specific measures adopted complementarily to carbon pricing in the context of international climate policies. Consideration is given to alternative approaches such as infrastructure measures designed to control mobility through less mobility-intensive denser agglomerations, investment reorientation towards public mode, and logistics reorganization towards less mobility-dependent production processes. Such measures can significantly reduce transport emissions in the long term and hence would moderate an increase in the carbon price and reduce its more important detrimental impacts on the economy.     

三维地形可视化技术研究进展

三维地形是虚拟自然环境中不可缺少的因素,也是虚拟仿真领域中视景系统的重要组成部分。该文将地形生成技术概括为三维地形简化技术、大规模地形数据的动态调度与地形简化相结合的处理技术和地形纹理数据的组织与应用技术等三大类,并分别介绍了这三类技术的相关理论和方法。     

Organizing coordination for an ecosystem approach to marine research and management advice: The case of ICES

This study examines the reorganization of formal coordination structures of a unique international public organization involved in marine governance in Europe, namely the structural reorganizations of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) between 1999 and 2009. The findings indicate that the reorganizations of ICES’ formal coordination structures were not driven primarily for reasons of efficiency, by clear and consistent goals, and by clear means-ends considerations for organizational design as proposed by rational perspectives in organization theory. Instead, the formal coordination structures have also been adapted to live up to changing expectations in the institutional environment, to modern management concepts in marine governance such as the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM), and to ensure the legitimacy of the organization. However, it is also found that institutional explanations alone are insufficient to comprehensively understand why the formal organizational structures of ICES were reorganized. Instrumental and cultural perspectives in organization theory as well as resource-dependence theory additionally add to understand how ICES responded to external demands and why organizational structures have been changed.     

科普性南极电子杂志的设计特点

简要介绍了电子杂志的特点,以及其可用作科普教育的一种方式的优越性。重点介绍了科普性南极电子杂志的形式特点,软硬件环境和数据组织形式,对其设计和制作流程进行了简要概括并对它的功能特点进行了总结和概括。     

面向智慧城市建设的地理实体构建方法

作为政府管理的基础单元,地理实体的构建是智慧城市建设的重要内容。本文在分析国内外地理实体相关研究和应用的基础上,基于上海市“智能化全息测绘”实践经验,阐述了面向城市级应用的地理实体构建范围;以院落和房屋两类典型实体为例,分析了其数据特点,探索了其构成内容及构建规则,为智慧城市建设中地理实体的构建和智能化应用提供了参考。     

电子地图的信息组织及可视化机制

Based on research on information organization and visualization mechanism of multimedia electronic map, this paper proposes an organization method about spatial information and multimedia information of multimedia electronic map： seamless spatial data were organized and managed by stratified expansion R-tree and Quad-tree hierarchy; and multimedia information data were organized and managed by hypermedia model based on an electronic map. Considering electronic map features, the paper also proposes a method for spatial date organization, which integrates Digital Landscape Model and Digital Cartographic Model, and a hybrid model between vector and raster spatial data. Then, the paper studies information visualization mechanism of multimedia electronic map. Finally, the paper certifies the results via a case of multimedia electronic map authoring tools software-Atlas2005.