鲁西北中尺度对流复合体环境场特征

通过对鲁西北一次典型的中尺度对流复合体（ＭＣＣ）环境物理量场特征分析,从一个侧面揭示了鲁西北ＭＣＣ生成、发展的环境条件。结果表明：ＭＣＣ发生在副高西北侧深厚的高能级、准饱和、潜在不稳定的气层中,５００ｈＰａ东移的中支短波槽是ＭＣＣ的触发系统;高、低空急流和低层辐合流场对ＭＣＣ的生成和发展具有重要的作用。     

陕北北部一次雹暴的特征及成因

本文从分析天气形势、物理量场特征、自动站逐时资料变化特征等人手,对2012年7月8日一9日临汾市局部暴雨天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：（1）此次降水过程是在西风槽东移,副高西进北抬有利的环流背景下产生的。700hPa中尺度低压和低层辐合线以及东路冷空气是本过程的主要触发系统。（2）降水过程中边界层出现了明显的中尺度辐合线和切变线以及低涡环流,短时强降水与小尺度的低涡环流相对应。（3）物理量场上,降雨前期暴雨区有强的上升运动、较高的能量积累和层结不稳定,但低层辐合很弱,中低层湿度只在某层次上达到饱和。     

复杂地形下雷暴增强过程的个例研究

本文基于多普勒雷达变分同化分析系统（VDRAS）反演的对流层低层热力和动力场,并结合多种稠密观测资料,对北京地区2009年7月22日一次弱天气尺度强迫下雷暴在山区和平原增强的机理进行了较深入的分析。研究结果表明：雷暴过程受大尺度天气系统影响不明显,对流前期地面弱冷锋,是此次雷暴新生的触发机制,高层冷平流、低层偏南暖湿气流的稳定维持和对流不稳定能量的聚集是本次雷暴增强的必要条件。雷暴从河北北部移进北京西北山区后,在下山和到达平原地区时,经历了两次明显的发展增强阶段。雷暴第一阶段下山增强,地形强迫起着主要作用,具体表现在三个方面：（1）地形斜坡使得雷暴冷池出流下山加速与稳定维持的偏南气流形成了强的辐合区;（2）地形抬升使得偏南暖湿入流强烈地上升,从而加剧了对流的发展;（3）地形抬高了冷池出流高度,使得出流与近地面偏南气流构成随高度顺转的低层垂直风切变,低层暖空气之上有冷平流叠加,使得雷暴前方的动力和热力不稳定增强。雷暴第二阶段在平原地区再次增强的主要原因是：组织完好的雷暴到达平原地区后,其冷池与低层暖舌在城区（朝阳地区）的对峙,产生了强的扰动温度梯度;强的冷池出流与势力相当的偏南暖湿气流相互作用产生了强的辐合上升气流,并与下沉气流在较长时间内共存;冷池出流形成的负涡度与低层切变产生的正涡度达到近似平衡状态。运用RKW理论,三者导致雷暴前方低层的辐合抬升最强,最有利于雷暴的维持发展。     

陕西中部一次下击暴流的多普勒雷达回波特征

利用西安多普勒雷达产品资料对2006年6月25日发生在陕西中部的一次下击暴流天气进行初步分析,结果表明：强单体合并加强形成弓状回波并产生了33m·s^-1的大风天气;弓状回波反射率因子核心（60dBz）高度下降明显;垂直液态水含量高达70kg·m^-2;弓状回波中层辐合较强,多普勒风场中层辐合区特征比较明显。     

重庆“5.6”强风雹天气过程成因分析

利用常规观测、NCEP分析场及雷达、自动站等资料对重庆＂5.6＂强风雹天气的成因进行了分析,结果表明：冷锋和副热带高空急流在风雹发生地近乎重叠的配置结构促进了次级环流的形成并有利于上升运动的强烈发展;风暴天气发生前,下垫面强烈加热、低层增温增湿、中高层干冷对大气对流不稳定性增强的作用显著;对流有效位能（CAPE）、K指数、SI指数高值区边缘的强指数梯度区、对流抑制（CIN）的小值区以及较强的垂直风切变对大风冰雹的预报有重要的指示意义;雷达回波显示多单体风暴具有三体散射、弱回波区等冰雹回波特征,中层径向辐合和反射率因子核心的反复上升下降也是形成地面大风和冰雹的重要特征;四川盆地东部东北西南向山脉对冷空气的移动有阻挡作用,山脉之间的槽状地形为多单体风暴的持续发展保留了较大的空间,明月山南麓的地形起到了强迫抬升和触发的作用,由于地形的阻挡形成狭管效应,加强了下击暴流形成的地面大风,是形成11级大风的重要因素。     

大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场

位于中上扬子板块北缘的大巴山造山带, 平面上表现为大尺度向南西显著突出的弧形带, 无论在变形样式和形成时间上都明显与秦岭造山带不同。在大巴山构造格架划分和野外构造变形观测基础上, 通过构造解析, 结合年代学研究成果, 重建了大巴山晚中生代独特的构造应力场, 指出大巴山属陆内造山, 形成于J2末, 并持续到K2初期。其构造应力场特征, 以城口－房县断裂为界, 大巴山逆冲推覆带与其前陆冲断褶皱带的特征显著不同。大巴山逆冲推覆带主要表现为NE-SW向构造挤压, 而在大巴山弧形前陆带从西向东, 由近E-W向挤压, 转变为NE-SW向挤压, 最后转变为近S-N向挤压, 构成一向其外缘扩散的放射状构造应力场。总之, 大巴山造山带由推覆体向前陆, 构造挤压作用由北东向南西方向扩散。这期构造挤压作用控制了大巴山造山带陆内变形活动, 导致大巴山由北东向南西的显著缩短, 同时受到其东西两侧基底隆起——神农架－黄陵地块与汉南地块的强烈阻挡, 造就了现今的大巴山前陆弧型构造。其动力学背景可归因于晚中生代东亚板块多向汇聚。大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场的研究, 对探讨秦岭造山带动力学特征具有科学意义, 为研究川东北油气运聚规律提供了构造地质学依据。     

Calculation Of The Height Of The Stable Boundary Layer In Practical Applications

Currently used and newly proposed calculation techniques for the heightof the stable boundary layer (SBL), including the bulk-Richardson-numbermethod, diagnostic equations for the equilibrium SBL height, and a relaxation-typeprognostic equation, are discussed from the point of view of their physical basis andrelevance to experimental data. Among diagnostic equations, the best fit to data exhibits an advanced Ekman-layer height model derived recently with due regard to the role of the free-flow stability. Its extension to non-steady regimes provides a prognostic equation recommended for use in practical applications.     

The Summer Surface Energy Balance of the High Antarctic Plateau

The summertime surface energy balance (SEB) at Kohnen station, situated on the high Antarctic plateau (75°00′ S, 0°04′ E, 2892m above sea level) is presented for the period of 8 January to 9 February 2002. Shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes were measured directly; the former was corrected for problems associated with the cosine response of the instrument. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were calculated using the bulk method, and eddy-correlation measurements and the modified Bowen ratio method were used to verify these calculated fluxes. The calculated sub-surface heat flux was checked by comparing calculated to measured snow temperatures. Uncertainties in the measurements and energy-balance calculations are discussed. The general meteorological conditions were not extraordinary during the period of the experiment, with a mean 2-m air temperature of −27.5°C, specific humidity of 0.52×10⁻³kg kg⁻¹ and wind speed of 4.1ms⁻¹. The experiment covered the transition period from Antarctic summer (positive net radiation) to winter (negative net radiation), and as a result the period mean net radiation, sensible heat, latent heat and sub-surface heat fluxes were small with values of −1.1, 0.0, −1.0 and 0.7 Wm⁻², respectively. Daily mean net radiation peaked on cloudy days (16 Wm⁻²) and was negative on clear-sky days (minimum of −19 W m⁻²). Daily mean sensible heat flux ranged from −8 to +10 Wm⁻², latent heat flux from −4 to 0 Wm⁻² and sub-surface heat flux from −8 to +7 Wm⁻².     

一次系列下击暴流事件的多普勒天气雷达分析

该文首次利用我国新一代天气雷达资料对一次系列下击暴流过程进行了详细分析。2003年6月6日在安徽定远县和肥东县交界处附近发展起来的一个孤立的强烈多单体风暴, 产生了一次伴随强降雹的系列下击暴流事件。此次系列下击暴流事件实际上是由多单体风暴中3个相继发展的对流单体分别产生的3次下击暴流构成的。每轮下击暴流触地前, 都伴随着相应对流单体反射率因子核心的逐渐下降。在首轮下沉气流触地前6 min, 1.5°到4.3°仰角的径向速度图上都出现向着风暴中心的辐合, 其中以2.4°仰角 (地面以上约3~4 km) 的辐合最明显。因此, 反射率因子核心的逐渐降低并伴随云底以上的速度辐合的多普勒雷达回波特征, 可以用来提前数分钟预警下击暴流的发生。     

DETRITAL ZIRCON U-PB DATING OF MODERN RIVERS' DEPOSITS IN PAMIR,SOUTH TIAN SHAN AND THEIR CONVERGENCE ZONE

By dating detrital zircon U-Pb ages of deposition sequence in foreland basins, we can analyze the provenance of these zircons and further infer the tectonic history of the mountain belts. This is a new direction of the zircon U-Pb chronology. The precondition of using this method is that we have to have all-around understanding to the U-Pb ages of the rocks of the orogenic belts, while the varied topography, high altitude of the zircon U-Pb ages of the orogenic belts are very rare and uneven. This restricts the application of this method. Modern river deposits contain abundant geologic information of their provenances, so we can probe the zircon U-Pb ages of the geological bodies in the provenances by dating the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of modern rivers' deposits. We collected modern river deposits of 14 main rivers draining from Pamir, South Tian Shan and their convergence zone and conducted detrital zircon U-Pb dating. Combining with the massive bed rock zircon U-Pb ages of the magmatic rocks and the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the modern fluvial deposit of other authors, we obtained the distribution characteristics of zircon U-Pb ages of different tectonic blocks of Pamir and South Tian Shan. Overlaying on the regional geological map, we pointed out the specific provenance geological bodies of different U-Pb age populations and speculated the existence of some new geological bodies. The results show that different tectonic blocks have different age peaks. The main age peaks of South Tian Shan are 270~289Ma and 428~449Ma, that of North Pamir are 205~224Ma and 448~477Ma, Central Pamir 36~40Ma, and South Pamir 80~82Ma and 102~106Ma. The Pamir syntaxis locates at the west end of the India-Eurasia collision zone. The northern boundary of the Pamir is the Main Pamir Thrust(MPT)and the Pamir Front Thrust(PFT). In the Cenozoic, because of the squeezing action of the India Plate, the Pamir thrust a lot toward the north and the internal terranes of the Pamir strongly uplifted. For the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision, the Tian Shan on the north margin of the Tarim Basin also uplifted intensely during this period. Extensive exhumation went along with these upliftings. The material of the exhumation was transported to the foreland basin by rivers, which formed the very thick Cenozoic deposition sequence. These age peaks can be used as characteristic ages to recognize these tectonic blocks. These results lay a solid foundation for tracing the convergence process of Pamir and South Tian Shan in Cenozoic with the help of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of sediments in the foreland basin.