起始pH值对海洋混合菌群产氢量的影响

对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行热休克处理,厌氧条件下富集混合菌群进行产氢试验;设置起始pH从4．0到8．0（间隔0．5个单位）,比较混合菌群在不同pH培养条件下产氢量;利用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析不同起始pH培养条件下的混合菌群组成。结果表明,在起始pH为7．0时,混合菌群产氢量最高。不同起始pH对产氢量的影响,依...     

Regional flow perturbation folding within an exhumation channel: A case study from the Cycladic Blueschists

Kilometre-scale cylindrical folds and associated parasitic folds that trend at small angles to the transport lineation are analysed along a 100-km-long transport-normal segment of the Cycladic Blueschists in an attempt to reconstruct the 3D structural architecture within an exhumation channel. Reversals in the polarity of both fold vergence and the hinge/lineation obliquity occur in a flow-normal direction, defining transport-parallel culmination and depression surfaces that root downwards onto an underlying detachment. Fold patterns generated around culmination and depression surfaces support models of flow-perturbation folding where folds initiate at small angles or sub-parallel to transport in response to wrench-dominated differential shearing. Successive culmination and depression surfaces are separated from one another by along strike distances of ∼20 km, although atypical fold geometries developed in the flanks of major culmination and depressions follow their own patterns, revealing that smaller perturbations occur within the larger scheme. Major culminations are interpreted to reflect regions of surging flow marked by increased velocity during exhumation, whilst the opposite is true for depressions. This behaviour implies that on a regional scale, differential shear varies laterally in an irregular-sinusoidal manner defining areas of relative high and relative low displacement within the exhumation channel.     

Initial stress formulae of high-order NMM and DDA for large deformation analysis

With high-order numerical manifold method (NMM) or high-order discontinuous deformation analysis method (DDA), computational accuracy of structure deformation can be improved greatly. However, poor accuracy is obtained and even computation is not convergent while treating large deformation problems, due to inaccurate or incorrect high-order initial stress formulae. Based on 2D triangular mathematical meshes and polynomial cover functions in high-order NMM, exact formulae for high-order initial stresses are deduced to depict configuration change of structures under large deformations. The formulae are expressed in polynomial forms so as to be used in simplex integrations. The approach is also extended to high-order DDA. Comparing with analytical solutions, accurate results for large deformation of a cantilever beam prove the validity of the proposed formulae.     

T213L31全球中期数值天气预报系统2m温度预报误差源分析

T213L31全球中期数值天气预报系统的2m温度预报存在系统性偏低的问题，对业务预报影响很大，针对这一问题就产生原因对模式系统进行分析定位。经过一系列分析，通过对模式地形高度与观测站地形高度的比较，以及通过采用欧洲中心与国家气象中心的陆面过程初值得到的2m温度的比较，认为2m温度的误差是由于模式地形高度与实际地形高度存在较大差异以及2m温度预报对陆面过程所需的初值如土壤湿度等的敏感而实际采用特定值代替初始场的不科学性造成的。     

多时刻台风Bogus资料同化对台风"天鹅"的影响

基于GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Predition System)三维变分同化系统,设计在6小时内分别应用三小时一次和逐小时的台风定位和定强信息对台风进行多次BDA(Bogus Data Assimilation)同化,在多次BDA中只同化近似程度高的涡旋风分量而近似...     

起算数据误差对平差结果的影响和检验

当起算数据误差较大时，应顾及它们对平差结果的影响。探讨了在起算数据误差Δλ的数学期望Ｅ（Δλ）≠０的情况下，非基准起算数据误差对未知参数平差值和单位权中误差估值的影响，同时讨论了非基准起算数据误差的检验方法。     

Absence of initial singularities in superstring cosmology

In a universe whose elementary constituents are point particles there does not seem to be any obvious mechanism for avoiding the initial singularities in physical quantities in the standard model of cosmology. In contrast in string theory these singularities can be absent even at the level where spacetime is treated classically. This is a consequence of the basic degrees of freedom of strings in compact spaces, which necessitate a reinterpretation of what one means by a very small universe. We discuss the basic degrees of freedom of a string at the classical and quantum level, the minimum size of strings (string uncertainty principle), the t-duality symmetry, and string thermodynamics at high energy densities, and then describe how these considerations suggest a resolution of the initial singularity problem. An effort has been made to keep this writeup self-contained and accessible to non-string theorists.     

已知e的先验值的初轨寻优算法

本文讨论由短弧测角资料,已知偏心率e的先验值时,初轨的寻优算法。把偏心率的先验值看作是对e的约束条件,再固定观测弧段两端点的观测量与作为约束条件,本文导出了一维(对M_0)非线性寻优算法;针对观测资料中可能存在异常值的情形,本文提出了一种初轨的稳健寻优算法。仿真结果表明,当e的先验值有足够高的精度时,能明显提高周期P的估计精度;稳健算法还可用作剔除观测资料的异常值。     

First Estimate of the Thick Disc Mass Function

In the present paper various observational data are used to compare seven most common models proposed to describe the behaviour of the interstellar extinction in different parts of the sky. The data for field stars, open and globular clusters are used to select the most adequate model at different distances and for different directions in the Galaxy. The results of this study allow to select the best models for particular distances and directions. They also make it possible to propose a synthesized model describing the interstellar extinction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

矩阵扰动分析及其在大地测量反演误差分析中的应用

介绍了矩阵扰动分析的基本理论和方法。提出了利用矩阵的条件数作为大地测量反演误差分析的一个指标，并结合实例论述了利用矩阵的条件数判断反演问题病态特征的方法。指出：在大地测量反演中，可以通过矩阵扰动分析的理论来研究大地测量反演解的特征，从而对反演结果给出恰当的评价。