基于结构分解法的北京能源碳排放增量分析(英文)

确保减碳的首要任务是定量测度化石能源消费碳排放的增量影响因素及其大小。为分析北京市1997-2007年的碳排放增量,本文构建了一个扩展的(调入、进口)竞争型经济—能源—碳排放投入产出模型,从整体特征、不同产业、工业行业3个方面,对1997-2007年北京能源消费的碳排放增量进行了结构分解。分析发现:经济规模增长要素(消费、投资、调出和出口等)是拉动碳排放增长的主导因素,能源强度变动效应却是碳减排的决定性因素;在规模扩张因素中,消费和调出超过投资和出口,是碳排放增长的主要贡献者;2002以来新一轮"高碳"特征的工业化导致CO2排量呈急增之势;产业结构调整、三产比重最大使得服务业成为碳排放增长的最大部门,但工业排放的增长却后来居上;碳增排的重点行业是高能耗业,而碳减排的却是能源工业;两时段各效应在不同产业、不同工业行业的影响方向和大小不一。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon intensity from energy consumption in China

The sustainable development has been seriously challenged by global climate change due to carbon emissions. As a developing country, China promised to reduce 40%-45% below the level of the year 2005 on its carbon intensity by 2020. The realization of this target depends on not only the substantive transition of society and economy at the national scale, but also the action and share of energy saving and emissions reduction at the provincial scale. Based on the method provided by the IPCC, this paper examines the spatiotemporal dynamics and dominating factors of China’s carbon intensity from energy consumption in 1997–2010. The aim is to provide scientific basis for policy making on energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in China. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, China’s carbon emissions increased from 4.16 Gt to 11.29 Gt from 1997 to 2010, with an annual growth rate of 7.15%, which was much lower than that of GDP (11.72%). Secondly, the trend of Moran’s I indicated that China’s carbon intensity has a growing spatial agglomeration at the provincial scale. The provinces with either high or low values appeared to be path-dependent or space-locked to some extent. Third, according to spatial panel econometric model, energy intensity, energy structure, industrial structure and urbanization rate were the dominating factors shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of China’s carbon intensity from energy consumption. Therefore, in order to realize the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction, China should improve the efficiency of energy utilization, optimize energy and industrial structure, choose the low-carbon urbanization approach and implement regional cooperation strategy of energy conservation and emissions reduction.     

1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化

以我国内蒙古草原为研究区域,结合1982-1988年第二次土壤普查资料以及2011-2012年实地考察数据,构建了基于遥感数据和土壤数据的区域表层土壤有机碳储量估算方法,对研究区1980s和2010s表层土壤有机碳储量、空间分布特征及其变化进行研究,结果表明：(1) 1980s、2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤 (0~20 cm) 有机碳储量分别为2.05 Pg C、2.17 Pg C,土壤有机碳密度约为3.48 kg C·m^-2、3.69 kg C·m^-2,其空间分布上呈现从草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原逐渐降低的特征;(2) 1982-2012年间,内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量略有增加,但增加幅度较小,其中草甸草原和典型草原表层土壤有机碳储量增加,荒漠草原则表现为减少。研究结果将为研究区因地制宜地采取固碳措施,实现草地可持续管理提供科学参考。     

Organic Geochemistry of the Early Jurassic Oil Shale from the Shuanghu Area in Northern Tibet and the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event

This paper presents new geological and geochemical data from the Shuanghu area in northern Tibet, which recorded the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. The stratigraphic succession in the Shuanghu area consists mostly of grey to dark-colored alternating oil shales, marls and mudstones. Ammonite beds are found at the top of the Shuanghu oil shale section, which are principally of early Toarcian age, roughly within the Harplocearasfalciferrum Zone. Therefore,the oil shale strata at Shuanghu can be correlated with early Toarcian black shales distributing extensively in the European epicontinental seas that contain the records of an Oceanic Anoxic Event. Sedimentary organic matter of laminated shale anomalously rich in organic carbon across the Shuanghu area is characterized by high organic carbon contents, ranging from 1.8% to 26.1%. The carbon isotope curve displays the δ^13C values of the kerogen (δ^13Ckerogen) fluctuating from -26.22 to -23.53‰ PDB with a positive excursion close to 2.17‰, which, albeit significantly smaller, may also have been associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) in Europe. The organic atomic C/N ratios range between 6 and 43, and the curve of C/N ratios is consistent with that of the δ^13Ckerogen values. The biological assemblage,characterized by scarcity of benthic organisms and bloom of calcareous nannofossils (coccoliths), reveals high biological productivity in the surface water and an unfavorable environment for the benthic fauna in the bottom water during the Oceanic Anoxic Event. On the basis of organic geochemistry and characteristics of the biological assemblage, this study suggests that the carbon-isotope excursion is caused by the changes of sea level and productivity, and that the black shale deposition, especially oil shales, is related to the bloom and high productivity of coccoliths.     

北京大气中主要温室气体近10年变化趋势

对1993～2002年10年间北京市大气中三种主要温室气体的监测数据进行分析,研究二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮这三种温室气体浓度的变化趋势,并初步探讨了造成这种变化的原因.分析结果表明:北京市大气二氧化碳浓度总体是上升趋势,且后5年增长较快;大气甲烷浓度前5年缓慢上升,后5年转为下降,总体已是下降趋势;与大气二氧化碳变化趋势相似,大气氧化亚氮总体也是上升趋势,后5年增长较快.     

合肥市郊低层大气的激光雷达探测研究

利用L300米散射激光雷达对合肥市郊大气边界层进行长期系统观测.分析讨论了大气边界层气溶胶消光系数与温度、湿度的关系, 大气边界层气溶胶消光系数垂直分布和时间变化的主要特征, 给出了激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度的统计特征及其与无线电气象探空仪探测大气边界层高度的比较结果.     

广州市空气颗粒物中烃类物质的粒径分布

用 Andersen六段分级大流量采样器 (粒径为 : 10～ 7.2 μ m, 7.2～ 3.0 μ m, 3.0～ 1.5 μ m, 1.5～ 0.95 μ m, 0.95～ 0.49 μ m, ≤ 0.49 μ m)采集了广州市荔湾区 4个季度的大气颗粒物样品 , 用气相色谱 (GC)定量分析了其中的正构烷烃 (n-alkanes)组分,用气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS)定量分析了其中的多环芳烃 (PAHs)组分. CPI2(代表石油成因的碳优势指数 )、 CPI3(代表生物成因的碳优势指数 ) 和 Wax(植物蜡含量 )表明了石油成因的烷烃倾向于富集在细颗粒物上,而生物成因的烷烃倾向于富集在粗颗粒物上.正构烷烃和低相对分子质量多环芳烃表现出双峰模型分布,高相对分子质量多环芳烃呈现单峰模型分布,仅在细颗粒段有一峰值.烷烃和芳烃秋冬季的 MMDs(质量中值直径 )比春夏季的大.在高温季节化合物优先富集在细颗粒物上,而在低温季节则向粗的颗粒物方向偏移.     

鄂尔多斯盆地氦同位素的特征

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国最稳定的含油气盆地,也是我国发现1000×108m3以上大气田最多的盆地。根据46个气样氦同位素分析,3He／4He为3．1×10-8-1．2×10-7,平均为4．36×10-8,R／Ra值为0．022-0．085,是壳源氦的特征。鄂尔多斯盆地3He／4He和R／Ra值不受天然气的成因类型、气的产状及气的原生性与后生改造的影响。R／ Ra值定量说明鄂尔多斯盆地构造上极稳定。     

草地生态系统土壤有机碳库对人为干扰和全球变化的响应研究进展

草地土壤碳库碳储量及其变化与调控机制是草地碳循环研究的核心.草地生态系统正经受着越来越严重的人为与自然因素干扰,如土地利用变化、大气氮沉降增加、施肥及大气CO2浓度与温度升高.因此,加强人为干扰和全球变化背景下草地土壤有机碳库的响应研究有重要意义.总结了放牧、草地开垦及外来氮素输入等3种主要的人类活动对土壤有机碳总量和活性碳组分的影响及其对全球变化的响应与适应,在此基础上指出了目前草地生态系统土壤有机碳库研究的薄弱环节及今后的重点研究领域.     

黄东海浮游生物群落呼吸率对碳平衡的重要性

黄东海接受长江冲淡水和黑潮带来的大量营养盐和有机物质,其碳循环对陆架海碳源汇格局至关重要.浮游生物群落呼吸是影响碳循环的重要过程.为揭示黄东海浮游生物群落呼吸率(PCR)对碳平衡的贡献,于2011年四季使用黑白瓶培养法测定黄海南部及东海北部浮游群落呼吸率和初级生产力,并同步测定温度、盐度、营养盐、叶绿素和细菌丰度等环境...