FHD仪偏置线圈电流反向对D分量基线值的影响及修正方法

在地磁连续观测中,需要通过分析计算观测数据对仪器的工作状态作出正确的判断,介绍了判断FHD仪偏置线圈电流是否反向的2种方法,研究了反向前后基线值的变化情况并提出了修正方法。     

Short Period Variations In Earth Rotation As Seen By VLBI

An overview of the abilities of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to measure the variable Earth rotation and of the international VLBI collaboration is given. The paper concentrates on the short-period, i.e. subseasonal variations of Earth rotation which can be seen in VLBI measurements of length of day (lod) and polar motion between 1981 and 1999. The wavelet transform allows the time localisation of an irregular quasi-harmonic signal within a given data set. The wavelet analysis of lod series yields in the high-frequency range periods of 28 days, 14 days down to 6.86 days caused by the lunisolar tides and irregular quasi-periodic variations between 40 and 130 days. These are mainly associated with global zonal wind changes which can be seen when looking on the wavelet cross-scalogram between the lod series and the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) time series. In polar motion variable periods between two and five months and even down to 7–10 days can be made visible by the wavelet scalograms.Today it is possible by VLBI to determine polar motion and UT1-UTC with a temporal resolution of as short as 3–7 minutes. The results of parallel VLBI sessions which took place since 1998 using two independent VLBI networks were analyzed in the subdiurnal period range and compared by computing the wavelet cross-scalograms, the covariance spectrum and the normed coherency. Periods between 5 and 7 hours can be seen in many of the UT1-UTC data sets besides the well-known diurnal and semi-diurnal periods. The wavelet analyses reveal interesting patterns in the subdiurnal range in polar motion, too.     

The probability distribution of the GPS baseline for a class of integer ambiguity estimators

In current global positioning system (GPS) ambiguity resolution practice there is not yet a rigorous procedure in place to diagnose its expected performance and to evaluate the probabilistic properties of the computed baseline. The necessary theory to bridge this gap is presented. Probabilistic statements about the `fixed' GPS baseline can be made once its probability distribution is known. This distribution is derived for a class of integer ambiguity estimators. Members from this class are the ambiguity estimators that follow from `integer rounding', `integer bootstrapping' and `integer least squares' respectively. It is also shown how this distribution differs from the one which is usually used in practice. The approximations involved are identified and ways of evaluating them are given. In this comparison the precise role of GPS ambiguity resolution is clarified. Received: 3 August 1998 / Accepted: 4 March 1999     

星载氢钟VLBI观测实验及分析

中国计划于2025年左右建立月球轨道VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometer)测站,将会搭载被动型星载氢钟作为时间频率标准.由于是首次在VLBI观测中使用星载氢钟,需要研究和验证其可行性.因此,利用星载氢钟作为频率基准开展了VLBI观测.实验时,分别使用主动型地面氢钟和被动型星载氢钟作为频率基准,利用上海天文台佘山25 m射电望远镜和其他测站对我国火星探测器天问一号进行了交替VLBI观测.数据处理分析结果表明,基于地面氢钟与星载氢钟的VLBI残余群时延标准差均在0.5 ns以内,表明星载氢钟可满足深空探测VLBI测定轨的精度要求,验证了其作为月球VLBI测站频率基准的可行性.     

光滑强度包络线模型及其工程应用

三角函数级数法是人工地震合成常用的计算方法之一,但是利用这种方法计算速度时程时,却存在一定的零线漂移现象,并且对位移时程产生很大的影响。本文详细地分析了产生误差的原因,在此基础上,建立了光滑强度包络线计算模型,较好地解决了这一问题。通过工程实例计算证明,该计算模型是正确可行的。     

IVS分析中心EOP产品及精度评估

介绍了国际测地/天体测量学甚长基线干涉测量服务(International Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Service for Geodesy and Astrometry, IVS)组织机构及下属分析中心概况.系统归纳了目前IVS发布的地球定向参数(Earth Orientation Parameters, EOP)产品类型及不同观测类型的用途.利用2010—2019年公开发布的观测资料,对IVS不同分析中心的EOP日常监测和服务能力进行了评估.通过构造观测台站所构成的几何体积,分析了EOP精度与测站数量、测站网分布的关系,统计了IVS不同观测类型的EOP解算精度.此外,综合公开发布的美国、欧洲等区域网观测数据,分析了不同地区区域网的常规及加强观测结果与IVS结果的差异.结果表明:EOP的解算精度与观测台站的分布密切相关, IVS常规观测确定的极移分量的外符合精度优于0.2 mas,世界时(Universal Time, UT1)与协调世界时(Coordinated Universal Time,UTC)之差(UT1-UTC)的精度在0.015 ms左右,加强观测的UT1-UTC值与国际自转服务组织(International Earth Rotation Service, IERS)的C04之间存在0.02–0.03 ms的差异.区域观测网的精度受观测网形和基线长度制约,总体劣于IVS观测精度,其中,美国甚长基线干涉阵列(Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA)的常规及加强观测结果与IVS全球观测结果最接近.     

基于短基线子集(SBAS)干涉技术的地表时序沉降估计

目前我国很多城市正在遭受地面沉降的地质灾害,长三角地区尤为严重,其持续时间长,规模大,带来的经济损失 巨大,无锡是长三角地区大规模地面沉降的典型代表城市之一。为此,本文利用 10 景 ALOS PALSAR 影像,基于短基线子 集(SBAS)干涉技术,评估了无锡市从 2007 年 1 月 12 日到 2011 年 3 月 10 日的地表时序形变。研究结果表明:惠山区沉降速率 较快;2007 年到 2009 年沉降空间格局发生了改变,2009 年到 2010 年监测结果出现异常陡降。实验证明利用短基线子集 (SBAS)干涉技术对大范围的长时间序列沉降监测可行且有效,其监测结果可以让决策者全面掌握地面沉降灾害的整体状 况,从而为地理国情监测以及防灾减灾提供重要的科学依据,同时也可以根据沉降规律追溯历史工程活动时间 。     

中国锂矿地球化学背景与空间分布:远景区预测

由于锂在新能源领域的大量需求和不可替代性,锂矿成为关键资源调查和研究的热点.本文以全国采集的12118件岩石样品和3394个汇水域沉积物样品数据为基础,首次提供了中国锂地球化学背景和时空分布数据,在此基础上划分了全国19个锂矿远景区.根据全国4101件岩浆岩,6209件沉积岩,1808件变质岩样品数据得出如下结论:全国岩石锂平均含量为29.22×10–6,侵入岩25.22×10–6,火山岩22.92×10–6,沉积岩为31.45×10–6,变质岩为32.30×10–6;在侵入岩中锂含量从酸性到中性、基性、超基性岩由高到低依次降低,侵入岩中加里东期、喜马拉雅期、印支期和燕山期锂含量明显高于其它其次;沉积地层中泥质岩类锂含量最高,平均含量达50×10–6,是地壳克拉克值的4倍;地层中锂含量由高到低依次为:三叠系,石炭系、寒武系、白垩系、侏罗系、志留系、奥陶系、元古宇、二叠系、古近系和新近系、太古宇.依据全国汇水域沉积物地球化学数据,共圈出31个地球化学异常,归为19个锂地球化学省,分为4种类型:花岗伟晶岩和花岗岩有关的锂地球化学异常,盐湖与地下卤水型锂地球化学异常,泥质岩类有关的锂地球化学异常,次生风化黏土有关的锂地球化学异常,其中全国多处新发现的地球化学异常,特别是与泥质岩类有关和干旱盆地有关的锂异常,对锂矿找矿具有重要指导意义.     

基于领海基线外推领海、毗连区和专属经济区的2种算法及其比较

由于领海基线一般由折线组成且地球表面为球面,基于领海基线外推领海、毗连区和专属经济区的实际计算存在困难。文章基于交圆法设计最短距离法和椭圆法2种算法并对其优劣性进行比较,研究表明:外推12nmile领海和24nmile毗连区的界线基本与外推的领海基线平行,外推200nmile专属经济区的界线形状变化较大;最短距离法精度高但计算量较大,椭圆法所需计算时间短但精度较低且没有消除误差。