盐度对方斑东风螺耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用实验生态学方法研究盐度对方斑东风螺Babylonia areolata耗氧率和排氨率的影响。根据方斑东风螺个体大小设立A、B、C(壳高分别为6.86±0.24、4.75±0.37、3.15±0.12cm,软体部干重分别为11.064±0.361、4.245±0.690、2.015±0.122 g)3组,盐度设13、18、23、28、33等5个梯度,实验水温为27—28℃。结果表明:(1)盐度、个体大小对方斑东风螺的耗氧率有显著的影响(p<0.01)。盐度在13—28之间时,3组方斑东风螺的耗氧率都随盐度的升高而增加;当盐度升至33时,耗氧率下降。方斑东风螺的软体部干重(W)与单位体重耗氧率(O)之间的关系符合幂函数方程O=aWb,其中a值的范围为1.365 5—3.072 2,平均值是2.236 8,b值的范围为-0.195 2—-0.093 6,平均值为-0.130 6。(2)盐度、个体大小以及二者的交互作用均对方斑东风螺的排氨率有显著的影响(p<0.01)。盐度在13—28之间时,3组方斑东风螺的排氨率随着盐度的升高而增加;当盐度升至33时,排氨率下降。方斑东风螺的软体部干重(W)与单位体重排氨率(N)之间的关系也符合幂函数方程N=c Wd,其中c值的范围为261.769 4—360.427 9,平均值为320.643 4,d值的范围是-0.325 3—-0.189 0,平均值是-0.248 5。(3)单位体重耗氧率和排氨率与盐度(S)、软体部干重(W)的二元线性回归方程分别为:O=1.208-0.039W+0.039S(R=0.578,F=10.517,显著性概率=0.000)、N=-210.442-9.255W+2.965S(R=0.813,F=40.834,显著性概率=0.000)。     

菲律宾蛤仔稚贝摄食、呼吸和排泄率的研究

本文利用实验生态学的方法研究了不同温度对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝的呼吸、排泄的影响以及在25℃下菲律宾蛤仔稚贝对4种单细胞藻类的滤食率．实验结果表明，温度对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝耗氧率、排氨率有显著影响，菲律宾蛤仔稚贝在12-32℃范围内，排氨率随温度的升高呈峰值变化，在26℃排氨率达到最大值然后开始下降，耗氧率随温度的升高而增大，耗氧率（OR）和温度（t）的回归方程为：OR=0．0155e^0.696t，R^2=0．9291．O：N也随着温度的升高而升高，菲律宾蛤仔稚贝呼吸Q10平均3．8，排泄Q10平均是1．88．菲律宾蛤仔稚贝在单位时问内（g／h）对4种藻类的滤食率高低依次为扁藻〉小球藻〉金藻〉角毛藻，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。     

彩虹明樱蛤的耗氧率与排氨率研究

研究了不同水温和不同规格下处于标准代谢状态的彩虹明樱蛤耗氧率与排氨率,并测定了窒息点.结果表明:在20℃时,水中DO大于临界值5.00mg/dm3时,彩虹明樱蛤的耗氧率和排氨率处于相对稳定的状态,分别为2.01×10-3(m/m)/h和16.73μmol/(g.h);当DO低于此值,则代谢出现异常,耗氧率随DO下降而下降,直到窒息为止,其窒息点为1.22mg/dm3,而排氨率也呈直线下降,随着耗氧停止而停止。     

石英示踪物源研究进展

综述了石英的性质和它作为有效指示剂来示踪物源的理论基础,进而详细介绍了使用扫描电镜、质谱、电子自旋共振和阴极发光等仪器对石英矿物的表面微结构、氧同位素比值、形成年龄和阴极发光颜色等特征进行研究来追踪物源的方法以及这些方法的可行性。还根据近年来研究者应用石英矿物来示踪物源的研究进展提出了今后利用石英研究物源需要注意的4个问题。     

Leaf area index retrieval using gap fractions obtained from high resolution satellite data: Comparisons of approaches,scales and atmospheric effects

This study is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of the large scale LAI inversion algorithms using red and near infrared reflectance obtained from high resolution satellite imagery. Radiances in digital counts were obtained in 10 m resolution acquired on cloud free day of August 23, 2007, by the SPOT 5 high resolution geometric (HRG) instrument on mostly temperate hardwood forest located in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest in Southern Quebec. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), scaled difference vegetation index (SDVI) and modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) were applied to calculate gap fractions. LAI was inverted from the gap fraction using the common Beer–Lambert's law of light extinction under forest canopy. The robustness of the algorithm was evaluated using the ground-based LAI measurements and by applying the methods for the independently simulated reflectance data using PROSPECT + SAIL coupled radiative transfer models. Furthermore, the high resolution LAI was compared with MODIS LAI product. The effects of atmospheric corrections and scales were investigated for all of the LAI retrieval methods. NDVI was found to be not suitable index for large scale LAI inversion due to the sensitivity to scale and atmospheric effects. SDVI was virtually scale and atmospheric correction invariant. MSAVI was also scale invariant. Considering all sensitivity analysis, MSAVI performed best followed by SDVI for robust LAI inversion from high resolution imagery.     

温度对橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响

在室内实验条件下研究了温度对不同规格橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响。实验结果表明, 15~30℃下,橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率为大规格组均小于小规格组。耗氧率和排氨率与橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(W)呈现明显的幂函数关系。在实验温度(15~30℃)范围内,随温度的上升,橄榄蛏蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均先逐渐增加,后随之下降,两者的高峰值分别出现在25℃和20℃。耗氧率(O)、排氨率(N)与温度(T)和橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(W)的二元线性回归方程分别为:O=-0 .651 3+0. 053 2T+0. 107 3W,N=32. 162 6-1. 056 6T+1 .322 2W。二方程复相关系数r分别为0 .964 2和0 .892 1;F检验分别为极显著和显著。     

大气稳定度分类中定时观测整数风资料的正确应用法

本文提出定时观测整数风资料正确地用于大气稳定度分类的1/2计数修正方案,成都、重庆各十年的统计结果表明:该修正方案的统计结果与国家标准规定的自记风统计结果十分吻合,从而使整数风速能替代自记风速用于大气稳定度统计,而不带来多大误差。     

Factors controlling stable oxygen,hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios in regional groundwater of the eastern United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Increasing groundwater salinity and depletion of the aquifers are major concerns in the UAE. Isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon concentrations in groundwater were used to estimate evaporation loss using the isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, and using a carbon isotope to trace inorganic carbon cycling in two main aquifers in the eastern part of the United Arab Emirates. The δD‐δ¹⁸O of groundwater samples plotted on a line given by: δD = 4 δ¹⁸O + 4 ·4 (r² = 0·4). In comparison, the local meteoric water line (LMWL) has been defined by the line: δD = 8 δ¹⁸O + 15. In order to better understand the system investigated, samples were separated into two groups based on the δD‐δ¹⁸O relationship. These are (1) samples that plot above the LMWL (δD = 6·1 δ¹⁸O + 12·4, r² = 0·8) and which are located predominantly in the north of the study area, and (2) samples that plot below the LMWL (δD = 5·6 δ¹⁸O + 6·2, r² = 0·8) and which are mostly distributed in the south. Slopes for both the groups are similar and lower than that for LMWL indicating potential evaporation of recharging water. However, the y‐intercept, which differs between the two groups, suggests evaporation of return flow and evapotranspiration in the unsaturated zone to be more significant in the south. This is attributed to intense agricultural activities in the region. Samples from the eastern Gravel Plain aquifer have δ¹³C and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) values in the range from ? 10 to 17‰, and 12–100 mg C/l, respectively, while the range for those from the Ophiolite aquifer is from ? 11 to ? 16.4‰, and 16–114 mg C/l respectively. This suggests the control of C‐3 and C‐4 plants on DIC formation, an observation supported by the range δ¹³C of soil organic matter (from ? 18·5 to ? 22·1‰.) Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用灰色统计决策法作大气环境质量评价

本文把大气环境质量评价问题作为灰色统计决策过程处理。实例计算和分析表明:本文的方法不仅能对大气环境质量作出客观、综合评价,而且能同时确定各评价因子在评价等级中的权重,对实例的评价结果与实际情况相吻合。     

大气能量有效性的研究进展

大气能量有效性一直是大气科学研究中的重要组成部分，在过去的几十年中，得到了长足发展。对大气能量学特别是能量有效性问题的研究进展进行了全面回顾。为了将能量有效性的研究从全球大气整体向局地或区域尺度拓展，针对经典有效位能理论中存在的问题提出了扰动位能的新概念，并初步探讨了其理论和应用问题。在已开展的工作中，利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了扰动位能的时空结构以及与大气动能之间的联系，取得了很有意义的结果。