江苏近岸海域水文气象要素的时空分布特征

2006～2007年在江苏近岸海域进行水文气象要素(气温、湿度、风速风向、波浪、透明度、水色和海水温盐度等)大面观测。数据分析表明,各水文气象要素具有较大的空间分异,四季变化显著。秋季气温明显高于春季,冬季气温较历史数据偏高。整个海域风速较大,风向受季风控制,有效波高与风速之间显著相关。如东附近海域波浪较大,废黄河口波浪较小;春、夏季有效波高较小,而夏、秋季近岸海域波高较小,离岸波高增大。夏季海水透明度最大,平均为2.3m;冬季透明度最小,平均只有0.6m;水色与透明度呈负指数相关。春、秋季水温分布与气温分布基本一致,冬季大致沿等深线分布。射阳河口与长江口为低盐区,辐射沙脊群外缘为高盐区。与20世纪80年代的调查结果相比,出现了一些新特点。这些新的调查成果可为江苏近岸海域的海洋环境保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。     

The role of Coriolis in sandbank formation due to a headland/island system

Tidal flow past a headland was modelled and the resulting sandbank formation due to bedload transport by eddy systems was examined with particular emphasis on the role of Coriolis. The headland configuration was extended to the more complex case of a headland with a detached island and the role of Coriolis in sandbank formation was again examined. In the headland case, the contribution of Coriolis resulted in the expected change in bed level at the centre of the residual eddies (positive contribution for the cyclonic eddy and negative change for the anticyclonic eddy). In the headland/island case, the role of Coriolis in the resulting bed level change was a function of eddy shedding from the island, defined by the island wake parameter. When eddy shedding occurred, the inclusion of Coriolis had a large magnitude effect on creating flood/ebb sandbank asymmetry. When eddies remained attached to the island, Coriolis had a minor role in the magnitude of this asymmetry.     

随机波浪下泰勒离散系数的时域解

利用Wolk提出的粒子追踪方程,通过等分频率法划分不规则波谱,利用MATLAB做粒子运动模拟计算,得到无因次化泰勒离散系数K/D随时间t变化的曲线;通过与Huang等得到的P-M谱的泰勒离散系数K/D计算结果比较证明了本计算方法的可靠性。采用该方法研究了不规则波条件下,波序列(同一谱型不同波面序列)和谱型(谱峰周期、有效波高、谱峰升高因子)对波浪离散系数的影响;计算结果表明:同一谱型不同波序列对泰勒纵向离散系数稳定值和稳定时间无影响;不规则波谱峰周期越大,纵向离散系数K/D越小,稳定时间越短;有效波高越大,纵向离散系数K/D越大,稳定时间越长;谱峰升高因子越大,泰勒离散系数K/D越大,稳定时间越长;与规则波相比,不规则波的泰勒离散系数K/D的值略小10%~30%。     

基于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演研究

Due to the low spatial resolution of sea surface temperature(T_S) retrieval by real aperture microwave radiometers,in this study, an iterative retrieval method that minimizes the differences between brightness temperature(T_B)measured and modeled was used to retrieve sea surface temperature with a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, temporarily named 1 D-SAMR. Regarding the configuration of the radiometer, an angular resolution of 0.43° was reached by theoretical calculation. Experiments on sea surface temperature retrieval were carried out with ideal parameters; the results show that the main factors affecting the retrieval accuracy of sea surface temperature are the accuracy of radiometer calibration and the precision of auxiliary geophysical parameters. In the case of no auxiliary parameter errors, the greatest error in retrieved sea surface temperature is obtained at low T_S scene(i.e., 0.710 6 K for the incidence angle of 35° under the radiometer calibration accuracy of0.5 K). While errors on auxiliary parameters are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, the greatest error on retrieved sea surface temperature was 1.330 5 K at an incidence angle of 65° in poorly known sea surface wind speed(W)(the error on W of 1.0 m/s) over high W scene, for the radiometer calibration accuracy of 0.5 K.     

Development and application of an operational tide and storm surge prediction model for the seas around Taiwan

Storm surges are abnormal rises in sea level along coastal areas and are mainly formed by strong wind and atmospheric depressions.When storm surges coincide with high tide,coastal flooding can occur.Creating storm surge prediction systems has been an important and operational task worldwide.This study developed a coupled tide and storm surge numerical model of the seas around Taiwan for operational purposes at the Central Weather Bureau.The model was calibrated and verified by using tidal records from seas around Taiwan.Model skill was assessed based on measured records,and the results are presented in details.At 3-minute resolution,tides were generally well predicted,with the root mean-square errors of less than 0.11 m and an overall correlation of more than 0.9.Storms(winds and depressions) were introduced into the model forcing by using the parameter typhoon model.Five typical typhoons that threatened Taiwan were simulated for assessment.The surges were well predicted compared with the records.     

含油多孔介质二维弥散特性初步研究

为了研究含油多孔介质的二维水动力弥散特性,控制砂土中柴油和机油含油率为0、1%、2%,作为供试的含油多孔介质,采用自己设计的二维水动力弥散试验装置测定示踪剂(氯化钙)的穿透曲线,并定量确定了含油砂土的有效孔隙度、纵向弥散度、横向弥散度以及砂土中孔隙水的流速。试验结果表明,有效孔隙度随石油含量的增加而减小,而且含柴油砂土的有效孔隙度减小比含机油砂土更加显著;在纵向上,示踪剂浓度峰值的到达时间和峰值浓度的大小主要取决于孔隙水流速的大小,孔隙水流速越大,示踪剂达到浓度峰值的时间越短,且峰值浓度越大;含机油砂土的纵向弥散度小于清洁砂土,而含柴油砂土的纵向弥散度大于清洁砂土;不同含油率砂土的纵向弥散度变化范围为0.133～0.370cm,横向弥散度变化范围为9.83×10-3～4.64×10-2 cm,纵向弥散度均大于其横向弥散度。     

关于鱼的生长方程的研究──Ⅱ.估计参数的一种新方法

目前描述鱼的体重生长的方程主要有（１）ｗ＝ｗ∞［１－ｅ＾－ｋ（ｔ－ｔ０）］＾３，和作者对该方程推广而导出的方程（２）ｗ＝ｗ∞［１－ｅ＾－ｋ（ｔ－ｔ０）］＾ｒ，本文对基于这两个方程的４种参数估计法，指出了其不足之处，并提出了一种估计参数的新方法－搜寻逼近法。该方法比前４种方法具有更好的拟合优度，通过实例计算得到进一步的证实。此外，还外鱼的样本资料的处理作了论述。这对更好的掌握鱼的生长规律，进而合理利     

海盐粒子沉积下碳钢的大气腐蚀初期行为

利用体视显微镜和电化学极化技术原位考察了碳钢上NaCl盐粒的吸潮及其液滴的扩展行为。实验结果表明,NaCl液滴的吸潮水解过程主要受环境相对湿度的影响。相对湿度越高,水解越容易。在极化状态下,NaCl液滴的扩展随极化电流的增加而线性加速。NaCl液滴的扩展与碳钢大气腐蚀的电化学过程相互影响。一方面,NaCl液滴扩展的动力来自于大气腐蚀过程所形成的腐蚀电流,另一方面,NaCl液滴的扩展加大了大气腐蚀过程的阴极面积。进而加速了碳钢的腐蚀过程。     

New Numerical Scheme for Simulation of Hyperbolic Mild-Slope Equation

The original hyperbolic mild-slope equation can effectively take into account the combined effects of wave shoaling, refraction, diffraction and reflection, but does not consider the nonlinear effect of waves, and the existing numerical schemes for it show some deficiencies. Based on the original hyperbolic mild-slope equation, a nonlinear dispersion relation is introduced in present paper to effectively take the nonlinear effect of waves into account and a new numerical scheme is proposed. The weakly nonlinear dispersion relation and the improved numerical scheme are applied to the simulation of wave transformation over an elliptic shoal. Numerical tests show that the improvement of the numerical scheme makes efficient the solution to the hyperbolic mild-slope equation. A comparison of numerical results with experimental data indicates that the results obtained by use of the new scheme are satisfactory.     

水产饲料膨化机设计刍论

据开发应用水产饲料膨化机实践，初步论述了膨化机生产能力与动力匹配，螺杆设计参数长径比，物料在腔内滞留时间，膨化腔设计及其温度调控，并提出改进设计的见解.