发展矿业 重振地勘经济

进入市场经济,地勘单位要生存和发展,必须充分发挥地勘行业自身优势,走兴办矿业经济之路,应抓住当前的机遇,开发市场紧销矿产品,要用好矿权,采用多种模式,多渠道吸引社会资金,减少投资风险,争取最高效益,同时要十分重视整理和利用积累的地质资料,为兴办矿业提供必要的科学依据。     

节理岩体中地下洞室超挖预测

本文着重于岩体中洞室超挖-不稳定楔形体的预测。首先,论述洞室超挖的基本概念、主要原因及评价方法;其次分析和比较目前现有的针对洞室超挖的计算软件及其特征;然后介绍本文作者的计算软件;最后,简单介绍一个计算实例,即从野外地质调查着手,应用数理统计理论评价构成不稳定楔形体的主要地质参数及其模型,推导岩体中洞室超挖预测的一般公式;最后评价构成不稳定楔形体主要地质参数中的主要因素及次要因素,为节理岩体洞室防止超挖及其处理提供依据。     

中国北方黄土高原地区黄土的微结构模型(详细摘要)

试样为取自中国北方黄土高原标准剖面^①中的马兰(Q₃)、离石(Q₂)、午城(Q₁)以及次生的洪积-冲积(Q₄)黄土.各方面成功的配合与多手段的综合性研究使我们能对黄土的微结构模型有了概念,能分析结构特征对黄土某些性质的影响,并可用来解释已提出的有关成因的一些看法.     

Radiative forcing by contrails

A parametric study of the instantaneous radiative impact of contrails is presented using three different radiative transfer models for a series of model atmospheres and cloud parameters. Contrails are treated as geometrically and optically thin plane parallel homogeneous cirrus layers in a static atmosphere. The ice water content is varied as a function of ambient temperature. The model atmospheres include tropical, mid-latitude, and subarctic summer and winter atmospheres. Optically thin contrails cause a positive net forcing at top of the atmosphere. At the surface the radiative forcing is negative during daytime. The forcing increases with the optical depth and the amount of contrail cover. At the top of the atmosphere, a mean contrail cover of 0.1% with average optical depth of 0.2 to 0.5 causes about 0.01 to 0.03 Wm⁻² daily mean instantaneous radiative forcing. Contrails cool the surface during the day and heat the surface during the night, and hence reduce the daily temperature amplitude. The net effect depends strongly on the daily variation of contrail cloud cover. The indirect radiative forcing due to particle changes in natural cirrus clouds may be of the same magnitude as the direct one due to additional cover.     

Long-term changes of the upper stratosphere as seen by Japanese rocketsondes at Ryori (39°N, 141°E)

Wind and temperature profiles measured routinely by rockets at Ryori (Japan) since 1970 are analysed to quantify interannual changes that occur in the upper stratosphere. The analysis involved using a least square fitting of the data with a multiparametric adaptative model composed of a linear combination of some functions that represent the main expected climate forcing responses of the stratosphere. These functions are seasonal cycles, solar activity changes, stratospheric optical depth induced by volcanic aerosols, equatorial wind oscillations and a possible linear trend. Step functions are also included in the analyses to take into account instrumental changes. Results reveal a small change for wind data series above 45 km when new corrections were introduced to take into account instrumental changes. However, no significant change of the mean is noted for temperature even after sondes were improved. While wind series reveal no significant trends, a significant cooling of 2.0 to 2.5 K/decade is observed in the mid upper stratosphere using this analysis method. This cooling is more than double the cooling predicted by models by a factor of more than two. In winter, it may be noted that the amplitude of the atmospheric response is enhanced. This is probably caused by the larger ozone depletion and/or by some dynamical feedback effects. In winter, cooling tends to be smaller around 40–45 km (in fact a warming trend is observed in December) as already observed in other data sets and simulated by models. Although the winter response to volcanic aerosols is in good agreement with numerical simulations, the solar signature is of the opposite sign to that expected. This is not understood, but it has already been observed with other data sets.     

四川盆地大气边界层气象资料数据系统

本文介绍在IBM-PC微机(或兼容机)上利用DBASEⅡ、BASIC和FOR-TRAN语言设计和研制的一套大气边界层气象资料数据库软件系统,给出它的主要结构和功能。该系统实现了大气边界层气象资料共享和信息化处理,不但操作简便、快速、准确、稳定性好,而且具有较强的通用性和较大的实用价值。     

西园隧洞引水工程对滇池CODMn的影响分析

本文在滇池湖流特性研究的基础上,建立了滇池平面二维ＣＯＤＭｎ输移扩散数学模型, 模型对污染物进入滇池水体后的输移扩散规律进行模拟分析,对滇池周围西园隧洞引水工程第一系列污染控制工程措施对滇池主要污染指标ＣＯＤＭｎ的影响进行评价,为综合治理滇池提供了理论依据。     

三峡工程对鄱阳湖冲淤的影响和预测

泥沙淤积是制约湖泊功能的重要因素。三峡工程运行后增减下泄流量,将使鄱阳湖的泥沙交换和淤积作用发生变化。本文根据鄱阳湖的沉积特点,利用典型年的水文过程对库区增减下泄流量时的冲淤变化进行了预测,指出直接的影响不大,但洲滩发展和束狭入江断面的负效应须有所警惕。     

洞庭湖区域黑线姬鼠（Apodemus agrarius）种群迁入湖滩后的繁殖特征

黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)是广泛分布于我国的主要农田害鼠之一,2003年三峡工程开始蓄水后洞庭湖湖滩鼠类群落结构发生了演变,黑线姬鼠已大量侵入湖滩,且逐步成为湖滩生境鼠类群落的优势鼠种。动物在新生境中的繁殖状况是了解其对环境适应的关键指标。为掌握黑线姬鼠种群侵入湖滩生境后的适应情况,为其种群动态的预测预报提供科学依据,本文对2003—2020年洞庭湖湖滩和农田生境中捕获的黑线姬鼠繁殖状况进行比较分析,并结合季节动态和生境差异等因子分析了该鼠在繁殖方面对湖滩生境的适应。结果表明:(1)湖滩生境中黑线姬鼠平均繁殖指数(0.71±0.27)低于农田生境(1.21±0.47),在2016—2020年湖滩上黑线姬鼠的繁殖指数为0.99,略高于农田的0.96;(2)湖滩生境较农田生境中的孕鼠在繁殖中偏向有更多的胎仔数,有6只以上胎仔数的孕鼠占比(65.59%)高于农田生境(49.10%);(3)湖滩生境中发现有幼年组的黑线姬鼠参与繁殖,其繁殖指数、参产率、怀孕率及雄鼠的睾丸下降率随年龄递增;(4)春季和秋季是湖滩生境中黑线姬鼠的主要繁殖季节,其繁殖指数、参产率、怀孕率都显著高于...     

飑线对定点地形变观测的影响特征与机理——以陕西关中盆地为例

2013年7月31日～8月1日陕西关中盆地爆发了一次强飑线灾害性天气过程,为揭示此次飑线生命史期间对定点地形变观测的影响特征与机理,本文结合多普勒天气雷达和气象资料,系统分析了关中盆地内4个地形变观测数据。结果表明:(1)飑线过境时的短时气压突变是造成定点地形变的主要原因,引起最大的地倾斜和地应变分别达9.70×10~(-3″)和21.02×10~(-9);(2)气压变幅与地形变的弹性响应量具有较好的线性关系,二者持续时间较一致,为2～4h,其中,钻孔体应变的动态气压系数达4.04×10~(-9)/h Pa;(3)宝鸡、乾陵和华阴台对飑线的响应能力较好,西安台则较差;(4)除水管仪外,垂直摆、洞体应变和钻孔体应变等对飑线的响应均较为灵敏。上述结果有助于合理识别和科学推定飑线所导致定点地形变异常变化的物理本质,进而减少实际业务中的误判;同时,还能为定点地形变观测台站的科学选址、仪器的优化布设及不同空间尺度大气负荷模型的实证等提供重要的参考依据。