悬链线管体三维流场数值模拟研究

基于计算流体力学开源代码Open FOAM开展不同雷诺数(100≤Re≤3 900)下弯曲管体绕流流场三维数值模拟研究。对比分析不同雷诺数条件下弯曲管体的瞬时和时均流场特征,研究了弯曲管体不同位置处的时均压力系数和旋涡脱落频率。结果表明:当Re=100时,尾流中仅有展向涡存在;当300≤Re≤3 900时,流向涡出现且强度逐渐增加,展向涡减弱,随着局部曲率增大,沿弯管展向涡脱强度减小。随着雷诺数的增大,回流区沿流向的延伸尺度减小,但其沿展向的分布范围增大。沿弯管展向随着深度减小,前后驻点时均压力系数的绝对值递减,圆周时均压力系数变化幅度减小。在300≤Re≤3 900范围内,管体曲率会对展向涡脱频率产生一定影响。     

A new mathematical model of asymmetric hydraulic fracture growth

Hydraulic fractures generated by fluid injection in rock formations are often mapped by seismic monitoring. In many cases, the microseismicity is asymmetric relative to the injection well, which has been interpreted by stress gradient along the direction of the hydraulic fracture. We present a mathematical model of asymmetric hydrofracture growth based on relations between the solid‐phase stress and the fracture hydraulics. For single fracture and single injection point, the model has three parameters, hydraulic conductivities of the fracture wings, and normalised stress gradient and predicts the positions of the fracture tips as functions of time. The model is applied to a set of microseismic event locations that occurred during and after an injection process. Two different methods are suggested that make it possible to delineate the fracture tips from the set of microseismic events. This makes it possible to determine the model parameters and to check the agreement between the model prediction and the measured data. The comparison of the measured and modelled growth of fracture wings supports both the assumption of the non‐zero stress gradient and the existence of the post‐injection unilateral growth.     

含金石英脉的展布规律及其形成机制——涡旋作用

对国内外5个石英脉型金矿床的研究表明,矿田中的含金石英脉往往成群出现,并呈弧形帚状分布,帚状脉群的收敛端方向一致地显示为逆时针旋转方向。这一规律可能与科里奥利力产生的涡旋作用有关。     

动波浪壁圆柱绕流三维数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件Fluent开展了三维动波浪壁圆柱绕流的数值模拟,建立了三维运动波浪壁圆柱模型,通过C语言自编程序实现波浪壁面的运动控制,并保证壁面变形时网格的高质量。在来流速度u=0.125 m/s、雷诺数Re=12 500的情况下,开展了动波浪壁波动速度w=0、0.062 5、0.125、0.187 5 m/s四个工况的计算分析,并比较了不同波动速度对流场结构、升力、阻力特性的影响。结果表明:动波浪壁圆柱能有效抑制流动的分离,消除交替脱落的尾涡,从而消除周期振荡的升力;在消除卡门涡街的同时,圆柱后驻点处的涡量值随波动速度增加而增加,其原因在于波形移动加大了壁面流体的速度,从而减小了圆柱前后的压力差,减小了阻力;随着波动速度的增大,平均阻力系数呈明显下降趋势,当波动速度为来流速度的1.5倍时,平均阻力系数相对于光滑圆柱下降了53.76%。     

新疆及周边中亚地区中亚低涡背景下云中液态水分布研究

利用2003—2014年5~9月中亚低涡发生时的AIRS Version 6 Level 2卫星资料,分析中亚低涡活动规律以及云中液态水空间分布。结果表明：（1） 北涡型中亚低涡共发生97次,南涡型共88次。中亚低涡中心更易向南移动。（2） 整体来看,云中液态水呈现山区多盆地少的趋势,在帕米尔高原、天山和昆仑山脉的山区以及咸海附近均大于100×10^-6 kg·m^-2。在准噶尔盆地、哈密盆地和塔里木盆地东部地区小于1×10^-6 kg·m^-2。（3） 中亚低涡发生路径越偏南,云中液态水柱越低。关于云中液态水柱,北涡路径较南涡路径更多。研究结果将为进一步认识中亚低涡强降水天气系统提供参考。     

华北冷涡背景下青岛三次混合型对流天气环境场条件对比分析

利用探空观测资料,对比分析华北冷涡背景下青岛三次混合型对流天气过程环境场条件,揭示出现短时强降水、雷暴大风和冰雹天气时的水汽、稳定度和垂直风切变差异特征.分析结果表明:500 hPa上冷涡中心位于42°N的华北冷涡、850 hPa低涡系统和偏南风急流以及地面气旋是这三次混合型对流天气的影响系统;在这三次混合型对流过程中...     

黄土高原一次冷涡飑线的综合分析与数值模拟

通过云图、环流背景和数值模拟等对2004年6月16日出现在黄土高原区域内的一次典型的冷涡飑线天气分析,揭示了该类天气的一些规律和特征,并运用数值模拟与实况进行对比验证。其结果对此类天气有一定的预报意义。     

Turbulence-plankton interactions: a new cartoon

Climate change redistributes turbulence in both space and time, adding urgency to understanding of turbulence effects. Many analytic and analog models used to simulate and assess effects of turbulence on plankton rely on simple Couette flow. There shear rates are constant and spatially uniform, and hence so is vorticity. Over the last decade, however, turbulence research within fluid dynamics has focused on the structure of dissipative vortices in space and time. Vorticity gradients, finite net diffusion of vorticity and small radii of curvature of streamlines are ubiquitous features of turbulent vortices at dissipation scales but are explicitly excluded from simple, steady Couette flows. All of these flow components contribute instabilities that cause rotation of particles and so are important to simulate in future laboratory devices designed to assess effects of turbulence on nutrient uptake, particle coagulation, motility and predator‐prey encounter in the plankton. The Burgers vortex retains these signature features of turbulence and provides a simplified “cartoon” of vortex structure and dynamics that nevertheless obeys the Navier‐Stokes equations. Moreover, this idealization closely resembles many dissipative vortices observed in both the laboratory and the field as well as in direct numerical simulations of turbulence. It is simple enough to allow both simulation in numerical models and fabrication of analog devices that selectively reproduce its features. Exercise of such numerical and analog models promises additional insights into mechanisms of turbulence effects on passive trajectories and local accumulations of both living and nonliving particles, into solute exchange with living and nonliving particles and into more subtle influences on sensory processes and swimming trajectories of plankton, including demersal organisms and settling larvae in turbulent bottom boundary layers. The literature on biological consequences of vortical turbulence has focused primarily on the smallest, Kolmogorov‐scale vortices of length scale η. Theoretical dissipation spectra and direct numerical simulation, however, indicate that typical dissipative vortices with radii of 7η to 8η, peak azimuthal speeds of order 1 cm s^?1 and lifetimes of order 10 s or longer (and much longer for moderate pelagic turbulence intensities) deserve new attention in studies of biological effects of turbulence.     

Effect of bed roughness on turbulent boundary layer and net sediment transport under asymmetric waves

This paper presents an investigation of the roughness effects in the turbulent boundary layer for asymmetric waves by using the baseline (BSL) k–ω model. This model is validated by a set of the experimental data with different wave non-linearity index, N_i (namely, N_i = 0.67, N_i = 0.60 and N_i = 0.58). It is further used to simulate asymmetric wave velocity flows with several values of the roughness parameter (a_m/k_s) which increase gradually, namely from a_m/k_s = 35 to a_m/k_s = 963. The effect of the roughness tends to increase the turbulent kinetic energy and to decrease the mean velocity distribution in the inner boundary layer, whereas in the outer boundary layer, the roughness alters the turbulent kinetic energy and the mean velocity distribution is relatively unaffected. A new simple calculation method of bottom shear stress based on incorporating velocity and acceleration terms is proposed and applied into the calculation of the rate of bed-load transport induced by asymmetric waves. And further, the effect of bed roughness on the bottom shear stress and bed-load sediment transport under asymmetric waves is examined with the turbulent model, the newly proposed method, and the existing calculation method. It is found that the higher roughness elements increase the magnitude of bottom shear stress along a wave cycle and consequently, the potential net sediment transport rate. Moreover, the wave non-linearity also shows a big impact on the bottom shear stress and the net sediment transport.     

湘北一次西南涡北侧强降水过程预报误差分析

利用观测数据、FNL数据以及雷达产品等资料对2020年6月8日夜间湘北一次西南涡北侧强降水过程预报误差进行分析研究。结果表明：中低层河套高压与副高形成了一个高压坝,偏东气流加强,西南涡北侧出现了强降水。湖南境内强降水落区与≥95%相对湿度高值区的对应关系较好。虽湘南850 hPa以下为不稳定层结,但850—600 hPa为稳定层结,不利于强降水发生。锋区低层以下沉气流为主,700 hPa及以上才有上升运动发展,而地面辐合线附近上升运动从近地面伸展至300 hPa附近,其最大强度仅约锋区中心强度一半,湘北强降水正好位于中层锋区与地面辐合线之间。受冷空气及山地地形影响,石门县上空形成辐合区,并有局地涡旋系统,对应强回波中心达到45 dBZ以上。模式预报低涡切变线在湘中一线,并预计西南涡东出,但在偏东气流影响下,湘北北部出现了倒槽,西南涡向东北方向移动。