阿拉善地块北大山地区两类辉长岩的锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及地球化学特征——对中亚造山带构造演化的启示

作为中亚造山带的重要组成,阿拉善地块北缘已成为研究古亚洲洋构造演化历史的关键地区。本次工作对阿拉善地块北大山地区两类辉长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成岩年龄分别为293±2Ma和267±2Ma,为早、中二叠世。早二叠世辉长岩为堆晶岩,呈亚碱性,拉斑玄武质,高Mg#值(64)、Eu显著正异常、极低的REE、富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、Sr),亏损高场强元素(Th、Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr),锆石的εHf(t)平均值为0.91,以上特征显示其岩浆源区为受俯冲板片混染或交代的岩石圈地幔,形成于俯冲相关的挤压环境;中二叠世辉长岩呈碱性、富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K)和稀土元素,但Nb、Ta等高场强元素亏损不明显,锆石的εHf(t)平均值为3.5,显示其岩浆源区为受陆壳混染的亏损地幔,形成于大陆板内拉张环境。综合本文及前人研究成果,认为阿拉善地块北缘存在一条西起龙首山,东到狼山的晚古生代(328~262 Ma)超基性—基性岩浆带,其形成与古亚洲洋的俯冲—闭合—造山后伸展过程相关。在晚石炭世—早二叠世晚期,阿拉善地块北缘为大洋俯冲环境,到早二叠世晚期—中二叠世进入大陆板内拉张环境,限定了古亚洲洋在阿拉善地块北缘的最终闭合时代为早二叠世晚期—中二叠世。     

银根-额济纳旗盆地西缘的中-新生代伸展构造

银根-额济纳旗盆地简称银额盆地,是中亚造山带南缘的一个中-新生代沉积盆地。最近的野外地质调查,在其西缘发现早侏罗世和第四纪晚期的伸展构造。早侏罗世的伸展构造为一系列走向NNW-SSE 的正断层,是下侏罗统的同沉积断层。这组正断层与银额盆地内NNE-SSW 走向的正断层组合成共轭断裂系统,指示古构造应力场的最大主拉张应力方向为近E-W。它们是中亚造山带（南缘）造山后应力伸展阶段的构造变形。第四纪晚期的伸展构造是由两条倾向相向的正断层组合成的地堑构造,走向进E-W,可能代表了喜马拉雅碰撞造山远程效应脉动式演化过程的一个构造间歇期。     

卡拉麦里断裂带造山期活动规律及其对造山过程的指示

中亚造山带内东准噶尔地区北西西—南东东走向的大型卡拉麦里断裂带,为野马泉岛弧与哈尔里克岛弧之间的拼贴边界,沿卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带南缘出现。本文通过详细的野外与室内构造分析表明,这一倾向北北东的断裂带在造山期分别经历了脆—韧性右行走滑剪切和脆性逆冲活动。其脆—韧性剪切带在较软弱的板岩、砂板岩及浅变质凝灰岩内造成了密集的面理化带及张裂脉,而在泥灰岩内形成了糜棱岩。该剪切带的形成温度为250~300℃,与该区前二叠纪海相火山—碎屑岩的低级区域变质作用同时发生。该断裂带的第二期脆性逆冲活动主要表现上盘向南的逆冲,叠加的逆冲断层一方面沿着早期陡立的剪切带面理发育,另一方面以较缓的产状切割剪切带。各类地质现象指示,其脆—韧性右行走滑活动发生于晚石炭世中期,是野马泉岛弧与哈尔里克岛弧斜向碰撞的结果,并指示早期卡拉麦里洋盆向北俯冲。该断裂带的第二期逆冲活动发生于中二叠世,出现在该区后造山伸展之后,属于陆内变形,应为中亚造山带区域上一次中二叠世碰撞活动导致的。     

新疆准噶尔北缘早石炭世金-铜-钼成矿事件:年代学证据

新疆准噶尔北缘地区已发现多处大中型内生金属矿床,它们主要形成于2个构造-岩浆活动期,即泥盆纪洋陆俯冲期的岛弧型斑岩铜(金)矿,二叠纪后碰撞造山期的铜镍硫化物型矿床和造山型(或剪切带型)Au矿。作者近年来在对该区地质构造和矿床研究中获得了一批早石炭世成岩成矿年代学数据:除已发表的希勒库都克斑岩铜钼矿床流纹斑岩(329Ma)和辉钼矿(327Ma)年龄外,本文工作新近获得201金矿闪长岩年龄为324Ma、科克森套地区花岗闪长斑岩年龄为328Ma、库尔吐班套地区花岗岩年龄为323Ma、阿克塔斯Au矿区花岗闪长岩年龄为327Ma,这些年龄数据集中在323~328Ma,即早石炭世(主要在维宪阶和谢尔普霍夫阶)。综合分析认为,该区在早石炭世洋盆已经闭合进入碰撞造山阶段,该阶段岩浆活动以出露小规模中酸性岩脉、岩株为特征,构造活动和壳幔相互作用强烈,主要成矿类型有斑岩型Cu Mo矿、浅成低温热液型Au矿、脉岩-构造蚀变岩型Au矿,构成一独特的与浅成岩有关的早石炭世金-铜-钼成矿带。     

Potential Connection between the Australian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Summer Precipitation over Central China

This study investigated the connection between the Australian summer monsoon(ASM) and summer precipitation over central China. It was found that,following a weaker-than-normal ASM, the East Asian summer monsoon and western North Pacific subtropical high tend to be stronger, yielding anomalous northward moisture to be transported from the western Pacific to central China. Besides, anomalous upwelling motion emerges over 30–37.5°N, along 110°E. Consequently,significant positive summer precipitation anomalies are located over central China. Further analysis indicated that the boreal winter sea surface temperature(SST) in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea shows positive anomalies in association with a weaker-than-normal ASM. The Indian Ocean warming in boreal winter could persist into the following summer because of its own long memory, emanating a baroclinic Kelvin wave into the Pacific that triggers suppressed convection and an anomalous anticyclone. Besides, the abnormal SST signal in the South China Sea develops eastward with time because of local air-sea interaction, causing summer SST warming in the western Pacific. The SST warming can further affect East Asian atmospheric circulation and precipitation through its impact on convection.     

近4400a南海北部陆架沉积物的东亚季风记录

对位于海南岛南部陆架的S20孔沉积物进行了岩性、AMS14C年代、粒度和微量元素分析,提取了东亚季风演化的代用指标,初步探讨了该沉积区蕴含的亚洲季风演化信息。结果表明,近4 400 a以来,S20孔研究区受相对稳定的水动力条件控制。主要富集于相对粗粒和细粒物质的Zr/Rb陆源元素比值和19μm细粒敏感粒度组分平均粒径可以作为冬季沿岸流和东亚冬季风强度的代用指标。二者与东海内陆架PC-6孔以及南海17940孔海水表层温度变化表现出良好的相似性,说明中国东南部不同地区季风代用指标揭示出的东亚冬季风演化具有一致性。因此,相对于陆地和深海而言,南海陆架区沉积物中同样蕴含着丰富的季风演化信息,后续高分辨率研究工作亟待开展。     

长江中下游降水以及东亚夏季风环流的年代际变化

采用NCEP再分析资料及有关长江中下游的梅雨期降水量进行合成或诊断分析,目的是研究长江梅雨以及相应的大气环流的年代际变化,得出梅雨量的年代际变化和东亚大气环流以及厄尔尼诺现象的年代际变化密切相关的初步结果,具体结论如下：（1）与东亚季风指数相联系的长江中下游地区6-7月降水量及梅雨量在最近15年有持续增长的趋势。与此同时鄂霍茨克海地区的500hPa高度也有持续增长的趋势,并配合有厄尔尼诺频繁出现的趋势。（2）东亚夏季风指数与前年秋季NINO-3区域海温在最近20年有很好的相关,但是20年以前相关不好。意味着厄尔尼诺对东亚夏季环流的影响在加深。（3）近20年的PDO暖位相与东亚大气环流的年代际变化基本同步。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS ON INFLUENCES OF VARIATION OF SEA ICE THICKNESS AND EXTENT ON ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION*

By using a 2-layer AGCM designed by Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.this paper investigates influences of thickness and extent variations in Arctic sea ice on the atmosphere circulation,particularly on climate variations in East Asia.The simulation results have indicated that sea ice thickness variation in the Arctic exhibits significant influences on simulation results,particularly on East Asian monsoon.A nearly reasonable distribution of sea ice thickness in the model leads directly to stronger winter and summer monsoon over East Asia.and improves the model's simulation results for Siberia high and Icelandic low in winter.On the other hand,sea ice thickness variation can excite a teleconnection wave train across Asian Continent,and in low latitudes,the wave propagates from the western Pacific across the equator to the eastern Pacific.In addition,the variation of sea ice thickness also influences summer convective activitiesover the low latitudes including South China Sea and around the Philippines.Effects of winter sea ice extents in the Barents Sea on atmospheric circulation in the following spring and summer are also significant.The simulation result shows that when winter sea ice extent in the target region is larger (smaller) than normal.(1)in the following spring (averaged from April to June).positive (negative) SLP anomalies occupy the northern central Pacific.which leads directly to weakened (deepened)Aleutian low.and further favors the light (heavy) sea ice condition in the Bering Sea:(2)in the following summer,thermal depression in Asian Continent is deepened (weakened).and the subtropical high in the northwestern Pacific shifts northward(southward) from its normal position and to be strengthened (weakened).     

Late Paleozoic Element Migration and Accumulation under Intracontinental Sinistral Strike-slip Faulting in the West Junggar Orogenic Belt, NW China

The migration, accumulation and dispersion of elements caused by tectonic dynamics have always been a focus of attention, and become the basis of tectono-geochemistry. However, the effects of faulting, especially strike-slip faulting, on the adjustment of geochemical element distribution, are still not clear. In this paper, we select the West Junggar Orogenic Belt (WJOB), NW China, as a case study to test the migration behavior of elements under tectonic dynamics. The WJOB is dominated by NE-trending large-scale sinistral strike-slip faults such as the Darabut Fault, the Mayile Fault, and the Baerluke Fault, which formed during the intracontinental adjustment under N–S compression during ocean-continental conversion in the Late Paleozoic. Geochemical maps of 13 elements, Al, W, Sn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, Fe, Ni, and Au, are analyzed for the effects of faulting and folding on element distribution at the regional scale. The results show that the element distribution in the WJOB is controlled mainly by two mechanisms during tectonic deformation: first is the material transporting mechanism, where the movement of geological units is consistent with the direction of tectonic movement; second is the diffusion mechanism, especially by tectonic pressure dissolution driven by tectonic dynamics, where the migration of elements is approximately perpendicular or opposite to the direction of tectonic movement. We conclude that the adjustment of element distributions has been determined by the combined actions of transporting and diffusion mechanisms, and that the diffusion mechanism plays an important role in the formation of geochemical Au blocks in the WJOB.     

1991～1995年El Ni?o事件的特征及其对中国天气气候异常的影响

利用多种资料分析了１９９１～１９９５年异常ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件的特征及东亚环流变异和中国异常天气气候的特征。根据所采用的划分ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件的标准和指数,９０年代初的５年里共发生了３次ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件,即１９９１年６月～１９９２年９月、１９９３年４～１２月、１９９４年６月～１９９５年２月（简称１９９１～１９９５年３次ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件）。这３次事件都是中部型,间隔时间短（以年尺度为主）是它们的一个显著特点。研究表明１９９１～１９９５年３次ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件对中国天气气候的影响有许多不同的方面。其中１９９１年（ＥｌＮｉｎｏ当年）夏季和１９９２年（ＥｌＮｉｎｏ次年）夏季降水异常分布与１９５１～１９９０年间１０次ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件的平均结果相似,但１９９３、１９９４年夏季降水与平均结果相反。这说明ＥＮＳＯ事件不是唯一决定中国夏季天气气候的强信号,还有别的气候因子影响中国夏季的天气气候异常。在东亚,夏季风的活动可能是另一个关键气候信号。通过对１９９１年和１９９４年夏季东亚大尺度环流变化和南海地区经纬向风时间演变的分析发现,两者虽都处于ＥｌＮｉｎｏ爆发的当年,但相反的环流形势造成了这两年夏季相反的降水形势。这一方面表明ＥｌＮｉ