辽宁省海城市小孤山铅锌多金属矿集区成矿地质特征及成因分析

勘查结果表明,小孤山矿集区的成矿作用受印支期花岗岩体、脉岩、断裂和地层的多重控制。康家岭铅锌矿区含矿围岩与正常大理岩碳同位δ13C存在明显差异,分别为+0.186和-6.055。说明矿集区的成矿作用在成岩作用之后,这种差异是成矿过程中热液蚀变造成的。铅同位素模式年龄均为负值,具明显异常铅特征,表明本区铅锌矿体的成矿物质具多源性。根据矿集区内唐望山印支期花岗岩体的化学成分及特征值判断,岩体为S型花岗岩。其Pb、Zn、Au、Ag的丰度均低于辽河群地层。岩体在早期侵入过程中,同化围岩并在岩体边部发生分异作用,使围岩中成矿元素在岩体边部及脉岩内富集,随着岩体及脉岩的进一步分异形成含矿热液,与脉岩在共同的断裂系统内运移,并在有利的岩性组合和断裂内充填成矿;岩体在侵入的晚期,随着温度和压力的下降,同化围岩及富集成矿元素的能力都相应减弱,并在与围岩接触部形成大规模的碎裂岩带,从而形成大规模的硅化带和地球化学异常。     

Dynamic early Holocene vegetation development on the Faroe Islands inferred from high-resolution plant macrofossil and pollen data

Vegetation dynamics during the earliest part of the Holocene (11,250-10,250 cal yr BP) have been reconstructed from a lacustrine sequence on Sandoy, the Faroe Islands, using detailed plant macrofossil and pollen evidence. The plant macrofossils suggest the initial vegetation was sparse herb and shrub tundra, with Salix herbacea and open-ground species, followed by the development of a denser and more species-rich arctic heathland after 11,150 cal yr BP. Despite high pollen values for Betula nana, macrofossils are rare. The bulk of the macrofossils recorded are S. herbacea and Empetrum leaves with numerous herb taxa and an abundance of Racomitrium moss. Conditions start to change around 10,800 cal yr BP, with increased catchment erosion and sediment delivery to the lake from ca. 10,600 cal yr BP, and a transition to alternating Cyperaceae and Poaceae communities between ca. 10,450 and 10,250 cal yr BP. This vegetation change, which has been recorded throughout the Faroes, has previously been interpreted as a retrogressive shift from woody shrubs to a herbaceous community. The detailed plant macrofossil data show the shift is the replacement of an Empetrum arctic heathland by grassland and moist sedge communities. These taxa dominate the modern landscape.     

1990～1999渤海SSTa年际变化的特征

基于 1990～ 1999年逐周的 (18× 18)km分辨率的海表温度 (SST)资料 ,将其与历史资料 (195 9～ 1982 )对比 ,发现近 10年渤海SST较历史SST要高 ,但整体结构特征变化不大。进一步采用EOF方法对渤海SST异常 (SSTa)进行分析 ,得到 3个主要的模态。第一模态对总方差的贡献为 82 .4% ,表现为整个海区SSTa同步升温或降温的特征 ,结合渤海沿岸 2个测站的气温资料的分析 ,认为渤海SSTa第一模态的变化与渤海气温异常变化相互依存 ,另外 ,北黄海SSTa的变化可能是造成渤海SSTa第一模态在海峡口附近变化幅度大的主要因素。第二模态对总方差的贡献为 9.4% ,在空间上其对整个海区SSTa起东升温(东降温 )则西降温 (东升温 )作用 ,可能是ENSO现象影响渤海海温变化最直接的表现。第三模态对总方差的贡献为 5 .0 % ,在空间上其对SSTa起北升温 (北降温 )则南降温 (南升温 )的作用 ,认为其可能与山东陆域气温和黄海流域气温变化有关。     

Dissolved aluminium and the silicon cycle in the Arctic Ocean

Concentrations of dissolved (0.2 µm filtered) aluminium (Al) have been determined for the first time in the Eurasian part of the Arctic Ocean over the entire water column during expedition ARK XXII/2 aboard R.V. Polarstern (2007). An unprecedented number of 666 samples was analysed for 44 stations along 5 ocean transects. Dissolved Al in surface layer water (SLW) was very low, close to 1 nM, with lowest SLW concentrations towards the Canadian part of the Arctic Ocean and higher values adjacent to and in the shelf seas. The low SLW concentrations indicate no or little influence from aeolian dust input. Dissolved Al showed a nutrient-type increase with depth up to 28 nM, but large differences existed between the different deep Arctic basins. The differences in concentrations of Al between water masses and basins could largely be related to the different origins of the water masses. In the SLW and intermediate water layers, Atlantic and Pacific inflows were of importance. Deep shelf convection appeared to influence the Al distribution in the deep Eurasian Basin. The Al distribution of the deep Makarov Basin provides evidence for Eurasian Basin water inflow into the deep Makarov Basin. A strong correlation between Al and Silicon (Si) was observed in all basins. This correlation and the nutrient-like profile indicate a strong biological influence on the cycling and distribution of Al. The biological influence can be direct by the incorporation of Al in biogenic silica, indirect by preferential scavenging of Al onto biogenic siliceous particles, or by a combination of both processes. From the slope of the overall Al–Si relationship in the intermediate water layer (AIDW; ~ 200–2000 m depth), an Al/Si ratio of 2.2 atoms Al per 1000 atoms Si was derived. This ratio is consistent with the range of previously reported Al/Si uptake ratio in biogenic opal frustules of diatoms. In the deepest waters (>2000 m depth) a steeper slope of the Al–Si relationship of 7.4 to 13 atoms Al per 1000 atoms Si likely results from entrainment of cold shelf water into the deep basins, carrying the signal of dissolution of terrigenous particles with a much higher Al:Si ratio of crustal abundance. Only a small enrichment with such crustal Al and Si component may readily account for the higher Al:Si slope in the deepest waters.     

天然热释光技术在南海东部表层沉积物油气潜力勘查中的应用

应用热释光技术对南海东部海域(13.00°~22.00°N、117.00°~119°30′E)42个站位的表层沉积物样品进行分析测量,结合气烃组合指标C1/(C2+C3)及甲烷碳同位素判别地表气烃的成因类型,并有效指示了海底深部油气藏散失引起的放射性异常,研究还发现热释光在不同沉积粒径中的测试剂量不同,结果为黏土质粉砂大于砂质粉砂;热释光也与部分化学元素含量有关,与稀土金属Nb、金属元素Zr呈显著正相关,与微量元素S、Ba呈负相关;天然热释光还与不同区块的沉积物酸解气烃甲烷、丙烷、异丁烷呈强烈正相关。数理统计分析结果表明沉积物的热释光和气烃的异常值完全吻合。     

天然气水合物系统的环境效应

环境效应是天然气水合物科学体系中重要一环,同时,有关该领域的调查研究也是人类安全、环保、经济、科学地利用水合物资源的可靠保证。海底天然气水合物所孕育的独特的生态系统、与之关联的重大地学、环境问题以及资源的勘探开发均是充满魅力而又富有挑战的科学新领域。梳理了当前全球范围内有关水合物环境效应的大部分研究工作,综述了与天然气水合物环境有关的生物效应、化学效应和物理效应的研究现状及内容,着重强调了与该领域相关的基础问题和焦点问题,展望了该领域未来发展的趋势,希望藉此为我国的水合物环境效应调查与评价工作向纵深推进提供参考依据,并能引起广大研究者的兴趣与重视。     

Warming and depth convergence of the Arctic Intermediate Water in the Canada Basin during 1985-2006

The warming of the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) is studied based on the analyses of hydrographic observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean during 1985-2006. It is shown that how the anomalously warm AIW spreads in the Canada Basin during the observation time through the analysis of the AIW temperature spatial distribution in different periods. The results indicate that by 2006, the entire Canada Basin has almost been covered by the warming AIW. In order to study interannual variability of the AIW in the Canada Basin, the Canada Basin is divided into five regions according to the bottom topography. From the interannual variation of AIW temperature in each region, it is shown that a cooling period follows after the warming event in upstream regions. At the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and Chukchi Plateau, upstream of the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current (ACBC) in the Canada Basin, the AIW temperature reached maximum and then started to fall respectively in 2000 and 2002. However, the AIW in the Canada Abyssal Plain and Beaufort Sea continues to warm monotonically until the year 2006. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is convergence of the AIW depth in the five different regions of the Canada Basin when the AIW warming occurs during observation time. The difference of AIW depth between the five regions of the Canada Basin is getting smaller and smaller, all approaching 410 m in recent years. The results show that depth convergence is related to the variation of AIW potential density in the Canada Basin.