生态健康评价在湿地管理中的应用

本文系统地阐述了生态系统健康的内涵、评价方法及其与湿地管理的密切联系,论述了生态系统健康评价在湿地管理中的应用途径,进而找出我国湿地健康评价不能适应快速发展的湿地管理的问题所在。生态系统健康是湿地管理的目的和基础,生态健康评价是实现湿地可持续管理的工具,生态健康评价不仅可以对湿地生态系统健康的整体状况进行综合评估和预测,而且可以应用于单个指标评价的健康状况排序,能够确定湿地管理措施实施的先后顺序,恢复行为的有效性,提高湿地综合管理能力,是开展湿地管理工作的重要工具。     

Robust source localization in shallow water based on vector optimization

Owing to the multipath effect, the source localization in shallow water has been an area of active interest. However, most methods for source localization in shallow water are sensitive to the assumed model of the underwater environment and have poor robustness against the underwater channel uncertainty, which limit their further application in practical engineering. In this paper, a new method of source localization in shallow water, based on vector optimization concept, is described, which is highly robust against environmental factors affecting the localization, such as the channel depth, the bottom reflection coefficients, and so on. Through constructing the uncertainty set of the source vector errors and extracting the multi-path sound rays from the sea surface and bottom, the proposed method can accurately localize one or more sources in shallow water dominated by multipath propagation. It turns out that the natural formulation of our approach involves minimization of two quadratic functions subject to infinitely many nonconvex quadratic constraints. It shows that this problem (originally intractable) can be reformulated in a convex form as the so-called second-order cone program (SOCP) and solved efficiently by using the well-established interior point method, such as the software tool, SeDuMi. Computer simulations show better performance of the proposed method as compared with existing algorithms and establish a theoretical foundation for the practical engineering application.     

基于.NET反射技术的插件式GIS软件设计原理与实现

当前主流的GIS软件开发方式--组件式开发已难以适应日益复杂多变的GIS应用需求,尤其表现在GIS应用软件的扩展和维护方面.该文在分析当前流行的插件技术的基础上,给出在.NET 平台上开发插件式GIS应用软件的一种有效解决方案,运用该技术设计了一款插件式GIS软件:DotMap Desktop,通过整合一些开源GIS组件能够完成常见的GIS任务且具有良好的扩展性.采用该方案设计的插件式GIS软件能够方便地运行在各种主流的操作系统上.     

数字化地震前兆台网日常工作管理软件

数字化地震前兆台网日常工作管理软件是天津市地震局区域前兆中心和台站日常工作核心软件之一.首先分析了软件的层次结构及数据流程,然后从台站应用模块、文件汇集、数据检索、数据入库、文件分级保存、日志管理、数据绘图、数据质量监控、数据库管理维护、数据报表、数据报送共11个方面介绍了软件的功能及特点,并对软件研制采用的关键技术、应用情况予以阐述说明.该软件的应用,提高了工作效率,规范了前兆台网的日常管理工作.     

ShakeMap二次开发与软件集成研究

通过分析ShakeMap的软件组成、数据结构,探讨了ShakeMap的二次开发及该软件与国内现有强震动软件的集成方法,并针对ShakeMap二次开发后运行时的数据锁定问题(多用户模式下的数据锁定)给出解决方案。     

地下水渗流沉降的三维耦合模型及程序的研制

研制可合理模拟预测基坑降水过程中引起地面沉降的计算机程序,并提出最优化降水方案。基于三维全耦合数值模型,笔者开发了GWS软件。GWS软件是以比奥固结理论为基础,将土体的非线性特征及土的渗透性随应力状态的动态变化考虑进去,通过耦合地下水渗流场和土体应力场进行模拟预测基坑降水过程中渗流场及地面沉降的变化。以一个实际基坑降水工程为例,经GWS软件计算得出5口井联合抽水方案,后续工程证明此方案正确、可靠。以三维全耦合数值理论为基础的GWS软件,可以为基坑降水工程引起的地下水渗流场变化及地面沉降量提供可靠的预测。     

An efficient methodology for simulating earthquake‐induced 3D pounding of buildings

The current paper presents an efficient methodology for numerically simulating in three dimensions adjacent buildings that may experience pounding during strong earthquakes. In particular, a new approach to the numerical problem of spatial impact modeling that does not require the ‘a priori’ determination of the contact points is presented, taking also into account the geometry at the vicinity of an impact. In the current study, the buildings are simulated as linear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom‐systems, but the methodology can be easily extended to consider nonlinear behavior as well. A software application has been specifically developed to implement the proposed methodology, using modern object‐oriented design and programming. The developed software is utilized in a simple example, and the computed results are compared with the corresponding analysis results obtained from a commercial general‐purpose software application that uses typical contact elements for the simulation of impacts. A discussion follows on the advantages and capabilities of the proposed methodology and the developed software. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bedload transport of small rivers in Malaysia

Numerous time-consuming equations, based on the relationship between the reliability and representativeness of the data utilized in defining variables and constants, require complex parameters to estimate bedload transport. In this study the easily accessible data including flow discharge, water depth, water surface slope, and surface grain diameter （ds0） from small rivers in Malaysia were used to estimate bedload transport. Genetic programming （GP） and artificial neural network （ANN） models are applied as complementary tools to estimate bed load transport based on a balance between simplicity and accuracy in small rivers. The developed models demonstrate higher performance with an overall accuracy of 97% and 93% for ANN and GP, respectively compared with other traditional methods and empirical equations.     

经验模态分解法在安徽省南部地下流体分析中的应用

首次引进经验模态分解法（EMD）对安徽省南部地下流体进行分析。通过对地下流体数据的分解与重构,发现该方法能提取不同尺度的水位动态,效果较好。通过对震例的总结发现：显著地震前、后安徽省南部地下流体EMD重构结果均出现异常,且存在某些地震前兆敏感点。同时,还对地震前地下流体的变化原因进行了初步分析。     

分布式水文模型软件系统研究综述

分布式水文模型软件系统作为分布式水文模型的技术外壳,是模型应用的重要技术保障。当前分布式水文模型应用呈现出多过程综合模拟、用户群范围广和计算量大的特点,对分布式水文模型软件系统的灵活性、易用性和高效性提出了更高的要求。本文首先分析了分布式水文模型应用的主要流程,之后从应用视角对现有分布式水文模型软件系统的特点进行了归纳,主要结论为:①软件系统按照模型结构灵活性的高低分为以下3种类型:不支持子过程选择和算法设置,不支持子过程选择、但支持算法设置,同时支持子过程选择和算法设置;②根据用户操作数据预处理软件方式的不同,参数提取方式分为菜单/命令行式和向导式;③按照模型的程序实现方法分为串行和并行方式,按照模型运行环境分为本地和网络模式。现有软件系统在灵活性、易用性和高效性方面存在如下问题:一是尚未解决模型结构灵活性和对用户知识依赖性之间的矛盾;二是现有菜单/命令行式和向导式的参数提取方式步骤繁琐,难以实现参数的自动提取;三是模型大多为串行方式和本地模式,容易遇到计算瓶颈问题。最后从模块化、智能化、网络化及移动化、并行化和虚拟仿真等方面探讨了分布式水文模型软件系统的发展趋势和研究方向。