激发极化法在新疆奇台县岩浆岩型石墨矿中的应用

石墨矿相对于围岩物性特征更加独特,主要呈低阻高极化特征。依据石墨的独特物性条件,奇台黄羊山岩浆岩型石墨矿与围岩明显的物性差异,对黄羊山一带石墨矿勘查布设了激发极化法物探测量方法,通过与地质、槽探、钻探等方法的相互验证、补充,取得了重大勘探成果,突破了亿吨级资源储量类别。激发极化法在黄羊山石墨矿勘查边界圈定及深部资源推断中得到了很好的应用。通过对奇台黄羊山石墨矿激电测量的应用与研究,在大面积、埋藏较深的石墨矿勘查中,运用时间域激电及等距对称四极测深装置测得的视极化率(ηs)、通过反演计算取得的视电阻率(ρs)等主要参数,结合石墨矿体的实际产状确定矿体空间位置,以此准确判定矿体分布范围,为下一步地质工作、资源储量预测和工程布设指明方向。     

硫酸型酸雨参与碳酸盐岩溶蚀的研究进展

碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀产生岩溶碳汇,占整个岩石风化碳汇的 94%。西南岩溶区硫酸型酸雨严重,硫酸型酸雨广泛参与碳酸盐岩的溶蚀。H2SO4参与的碳酸盐岩风化是一个大气CO2净释放过程,具有减汇作用巨大。另一方面,岩溶区石灰土壤和地下水具有较高的pH值及盐基饱和度,对H+有巨大的缓冲作用,大气酸沉降在碳酸盐岩地区可能并不会造成地下水的HCO3-和pH降低;相反,较高浓度的SO42-所产生的盐效应和SO2-4与各种阳离子形成的离子对会增大方解石、白云石溶解度,可增强H2CO3对碳酸盐的溶蚀,这可能会使岩溶作用产生更大的碳汇效应。因此,硫酸型酸雨参与碳酸盐岩风化的减汇效应不仅可能被高估,硫酸型酸雨还可能增强碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀,具有增加岩溶碳汇效应的作用。应结合石灰土壤对大气酸沉降的缓冲容量和阈值及大气酸沉降的H+与土壤中盐基离子的交换量,并综合考虑盐效应、离子对作用、同离子效应,客观评价硫酸型酸雨流经石灰土壤层后对碳酸盐岩溶蚀吸收大气/土壤CO2的影响      

辽宁省兴城河流域地下水库建设方式研究

兴城市地处辽西走廊中部,素有"渤海明珠"之美誉,具有旅游疗养的优越条件。本文从地下拦水坝工程;地表拦水坝和引渗工程;地下水开采工程及管理监测系统等方面论述了地下水库设计方案。对地下水库建成后的库容量进行了计算。     

Advances in Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers and Long-Chain Alkyl Diols in the Marine Sediments: Implications for Paleoclimatic and Paleoenvironmental Changes

Lipid biomarkers widely dotted in marine sediments, as their distribution characteristics accurately record huge information on the metabolism of the original organisms and migration and transformation of these organic components, are often used to reconstruct the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions. This paper reviewed the progress in the study of paleoclimatic-environmental changes during the late Quaternary using abundant core lipids Glycerol Dialkyl Glyceryl Tetraethers (GDGTs) and long-chain alkyl diols in marginal sea sediments. It is pointed out that clarifying the “source-sink” process of lipid biomarkers buried in marine sediments is a prerequisite for paleoclimatic-environmental reconstruction. It is believed that the use of multiple indicators that are less affected by early diagenesis can increase the accuracy of reconstructing paleoclimatic changes. In the large-river dominated marginal seas, the mechanism of land-sea climate coupling evolution stimulated by the paleoclimatic-environmental changes can be elucidated based on paleoclimatic records reconstructed from core lipids GDGTs and long-chain alkyl diols in marine sediments. It is hoped that this paper can provide reliable technical means and a solid theoretical basis for predicting future temperature and rainfall changes.     

应用NASA MERRA再分析资料对一次高原切变线的诊断分析

利用2016年6月29—30日地面及高空常规观测资料、CMORPH融合降水资料以及时空分辨率较高的NASA MERRA 0.625°×0.5°逐3 h再分析资料,对一次高原切变线过程进行了天气动力学诊断分析。运用广义位温、广义湿位涡和涡生参数等诊断量对切变线系统的生成及其降水分布进行分析。结果显示:广义位温等值线梯度大值区与大气水汽的聚集区相对应。切变线降水的发生、发展与广义湿位涡的分布及演变有较好的对应关系,低层大气广义湿位涡的正异常大值对降水发生有一定关联。广义湿位涡正负异常值之间的零线可较好表征高原切变线的位置。广义湿位涡中心强度对切变线生成与发展有一定指示意义。涡生参数可作为高原切变线生成和加强的一个明显前兆信号。     

公路交通决策气象服务需求分析

采用问卷调查的方式,对气象、交通、公安等多部门公路交通决策气象服务关注的气象要素、产品类型和时段、服务改进方向等需求进行了调研。利用专家评分法对调查内容进行评估分析,并提出提升公路交通决策气象服务能力的相关建议。结果表明:专家对现有公路交通决策气象服务工作总体满意度较高,普遍认为公路交通决策气象服务在公路运输、运行调度、应急救援等方面发挥作用明显;行业领域不同需求的气象要素有所不同,交通部门专家对公路积雪、降雪、霾等要素给出的需求权重值明显高于气象部门专家给出的;不同类型的决策服务产品关注的气象要素和时效也有所不同,其中,监测类产品对低能见度、道路积雪要素最为关注;预报类产品对雨雪和大雾要素最为关注;预警类产品对大雾最为关注;而影响评估类产品对低能见度最为关注。监测类产品主要关注逐小时时段;预报和预警类产品重点关注未来3—12 h时段;而影响评估类产品主要关注日、月、季度时段。     

Diagnosis of Moist Vorticity and Moist Divergence for a Heavy Precipitation Event in Southwestern China

A regional heavy precipitation event that occurred over Sichuan Province on 8–9 September 2015 is analyzed based on hourly observed precipitation data obtained from weather stations and NCEP FNL data.Two moist dynamic parameters,i.e.,moist vorticity(mζ)and moist divergence(mδ),are used to diagnose this heavy precipitation event.Results show that the topography over southwestern China has a significant impact on the ability of these two parameters to diagnose precipitation.When the impact of topography is weak(i.e.,low altitude),mζ cannot exactly depict the location of precipitation in the initial stage of the event.Then,as the precipitation develops,its ability to depict the location improves significantly.In particular,mζ coincides best with the location of precipitation during the peak stage of the event.Besides,the evolution of the mζcenter shows high consistency with the evolution of the precipitation center.For mδ,although some false-alarm regions are apparent,it reflects the location of precipitation almost entirely during the precipitation event.However,the mδ center shows inconsistency with the precipitation center.These results suggest that both mζ and mδ have a significant ability to predict the location of precipitation.Moreover,mζ has a stronger ability than mδ in terms of predicting the variability of the precipitation center.However,when the impact of topography is strong(i.e.,high altitude),both of these two moist dynamic parameters are unable to depict the location and center of precipitation during the entire precipitation event,suggesting their weak ability to predict precipitation over complex topography.     

大地电磁测深二维地形影响及其校正方法研究

采用有限元法实现ＭＴ二维模型的正演模拟,将地形条件下的二维地电模型的ＭＴ响应分解为地形引起的畸变场和与测点高程位置有关的稳定场两部分进行分析。用有限元法模拟二维地形条件下地电结构的ＭＴ 响应和纯地形的ＭＴ响应,采用比值法消除地形引起的干扰场,然后,将消除地形影响后的视电阻率值通过延拓方法获水平地形条件下二维地电结构的视电阻率分布,完善大地电磁测深视电阻率曲线的地形校正。     

岩石视反射率研究

根据对净月潭地区自然条件状况的分析和样品采集及数据预处理情况,采用线性回归方法对岩石视反射率进行研究与探讨。     

降雹前大气层结稳定状态下的环境场特征

分析了１９８３年９月４日巴盟地区降有大气层结稳定的降雹过程,通过对降雹前后高空槽的变化、能量条件、触发机制以及环境风垂直切变等物理量的分析,揭示了此类降雹的大气环境场地特征。同时指出在特定的环流背景下大气层结随时间的变化可能会由稳定状态变为不稳定状态。